Job crafting describes a set of proactive behaviours in which employees may engage to shape their work in order to minimize hindering job demands and maximize resources and challenging demands. Such behaviours may be particularly important among blue-collar workers whose jobs are characterized by poor working conditions and low well-being. We present the development and adaptation of a job craf...

This article is a continuation of the previous module on designing questionnaires and clinical record form in which we have discussed some basic points about designing the questionnaire and clinical record forms. In this section, we will discuss the reliability and validity of questionnaires. The different types of validity are face validity, content validity, criterion validity, and construct ...

Introduction: Speech and language therapists (SLTs) require proper tools to detect dysphagia in the early stages. One of these screening tools is the Northwestern Dysphagia Patient Check Sheet (NDPCS). However, this tool needs to be adapted, validated, and shown to be reliable for the Persian culture. The aim of the present study was to report the validity and reliability of the Persian NDPCS (...

the present study seeks to investigate the potentiality of the translation task as a testing method for measuring reading comprehension. to achieve this objective, two types of translation tests, open-ended and multiple-choice tests, and two types of reading comprehension tests, multiple-choice reading comprehension and open-ended cloze tests were developed in this study. the reliability of the...

The objective of the research was to answer question study whether content English summative test tenth grade students at SMA An- Nurmaniyah in 2016/2017 academic year line with syllabus 2013 Curriculum. In this research, writer used descriptive comparative analysis. compared a set number required items teaching and learning activities.The instruments were checklists forms which arranged based ...

background: visualattention is known as acritical base for learning.thepurpose of the present study was to design, develop and evaluate the test-retest and internal consistency reliability as well as face, content and convergent validity of thecomputer- based selective visual attention test (sevat) for healthy first-grade school children.   methods :in thefirst phase of this study,the computer-...

background: academic tests are valuable tools for evaluating students’ knowledge and capabilities. this study aimed to assess the content validity offinal examinations at mashhad dental school. the practical purpose of this study was to enhance the quality of written examinations in this school. methods: the present descriptive, cross-sectional study aimed to determine the content validity of f...