INTRODUCTION Rare foci of sperm production may be found in up to 60% of men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). Sperm production, if present, is minimal for sperm appearance in the ejaculate. Given that there are no treatment options to restore fertility, sperm retrieval is the only alternative to find testicular sperm than then can be used for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Among sperm acqui...

conclusions sperm quality extracted by percutaneous pesa and tese procedures increases fertility outcomes compared to naturally ejaculated sperm in men with idiopathic co. more specifically, embryo quality, which is most relevant to fertility outcome, improved when surgically extracted sperm was used for icsi. results there was a significant difference in fertilization rate, embryo quality, imp...

Patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) were once considered to be infertile with few treatment options due to the absence of sperm in the ejaculate. In the last two decades, the advent of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and the application of various testicular sperm retrieval techniques, including fine needle aspiration (FNA), conventional testicular sperm extraction (TESE) a...

Objective To investigate effects of cryopreservation on changes of the ultrastructure of human testicular sperm and evaluate the efficacy of cryopreserving testicular tissue as a source of sperm for assisted reproduction. Methods Testicular biopsy tissues were obtained from infertile patients (n=12) with obstructive azoospermia and cryopreserved. Testicular sperm motility was observed after in ...

From 1 August 1993 until 30 September 1994, 69 couples suffering from azoospermia underwent testicular sperm extraction and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. In 50 couples with obstructive azoospermia a total of 631 metaphase-II oocytes were injected after testicular sperm extraction yielding a 2-PN fertilization rate of 57%. In female patients <40 years of age an ongoing pregnancy rate per tra...

PURPOSE To assess the impact of sperm retrieval on the gonadal function of rats with impaired spermatogenesis by comparing testicular sperm extraction (TESE) to aspiration (TESA). The efficacy of these procedures to sperm obtainment was also compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS A pilot study showed impaired spermatogenesis, but normal testosterone (T) production after a bilateral orchidopexy appli...

INTRODUCTION Testicular sperm extraction with intracytoplasmic sperm injection is the standard treatment for azoospermia. The objective of this study is to identify predictive factors of successful sperm retrieval. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between June 2003 and May 2011, we tried testicular sperm extraction (TESE) in 74 azoospermic patients in the Reproductive Medicine Unit of Son Espases Hospit...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using testicular sperm as a strategy to overcome infertility in men with high sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF). DESIGN Prospective, observational, cohort study. SETTING Private IVF centers. PATIENT(S) A total of 147 couples undergoing IVF-ICSI and day 3 fresh ETs whose male partner has oligozoospermia and h...

Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (microTESE) is considered the gold standard method for surgical sperm retrieval among patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). In this review, we will discuss the optimal evaluation of NOA patients and strategies to medically optimize NOA patients prior to microTESE. In addition, we will also discuss technical principles and pearls to maximize...