T etralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart lesion. Its anatomical features were first described by Stenson in 1672. In 1888 Fallot published his clinical observations, linking the four elements he considered to be the main anatomical abnormalities (interventricular septal defect, stenosis of the right ventricular outflow tract, right ventricular hypertrophy and an aorta t...

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease worldwide [1]. Among other conotruncal abnormalities, 13-16% of Tetralogy of Fallot individuals are reported to have 22q11.2 deletion syndrome which is characterized by thymic hypoplasia, endocrine abnormalities and hypocalcaemia [2]. Individuals with micro deletion 22q11.2 deletion syndrome are prone to auto immune disord...

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. Corrective surgery indicated during infancy for best outcome, however, due to poor availability and affordability surgery, many children resource-poor settings live with uncorrected tetralogy Fallot. They suffer from dreaded complications like brain abscess, in later years life. We report 3 cases who developed abscess the...

anomalies of origin, course, and distribution of coronary arteries, including single coronary artery, are well known in patients with tetralogy of fallot. however, to the best of our knowledge, there is no published case report of pentalogy of fallot with a single coronary artery. herein, we introduce a 22-year-old female patient diagnosed via echocardiography and cardiac catheterization preope...

Background Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. However, its pathogenesis remains to be clarified. The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic variants in Tetralogy of Fallot by whole exome sequencing. Methods Whole exome sequencing was performed among eight small families with Tetralogy of Fallot. Differential single nucleotide polymorphisms and...

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. A 47-year-old woman presented to our clinic with cyanosis and dyspnea on exertion. She had previously had three successful and healthy pregnancies. From the results of laboratory and imaging techniques a diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot was made and the patient was referred to the cardiovascular surgery for the repa...

Surgical repair of the tetralogy of Fallot is one of the most successful operations in the treatment of congenital heart diseases. We report the case of a 65-year-old man who had an aortic valve replacement at the time of complete repair of the tetralogy of Fallot at the age of forty-three. He subsequently had progressive aortic root and ascending aorta dilation to 9 cm. The aortic root and asc...

BACKGROUND Longer survival after the total repair of the Tetralogy of Fallot increases the importance of late complications such as right ventricular dysfunction. This is a prospective study of the right ventricular function in totally corrected Tetralogy of Fallot patients versus healthy children. METHODS Thirty-two healthy children were prospectively compared with 30 totally corrected Tetra...

were confirmed in both isolated pulmonary stenosis and tetralogy of Fallot but were more marked in pulmonic stenosis. Intimal fibrosis in the pulmonary vessels on the other hand gave the impression of being greater in the cases of tetralogy of Fallot than in pulmonic stenosis even within the same age group, but this difference is not statistically significant. Intimal fibrosis was even more pro...

Balloon dilation was performed on a dog with tetralogy of Fallot. Immediately following balloon dilation, the peak systolic pressure gradient across the pulmonic valve declined from 97 to 63 mmHg. Doppler echocardiography following balloon dilation revealed increased pulmonary blood flow. Clinical symptoms obviously improved and the dog's improved condition was maintained for 4 months. There we...