................................................................................................................................. iv INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................... 1 METHODS .................................................................................................................................. 24 RESULTS ..........

with regard to the relationship between the use of modality and readability levels oftexts, 2 opposing views have been raised. the first view endorses direct positiverelationship between modality and readability in the sense that the use of modalityincreases textual understandability. the second view is that the use of modality leadsto an increase in the number of words, resulting in readabilit...

This study was motivated by three factors, which also contribute to its significance for today’s academic writing. First, research articles are the significant means of communication between the writers all over the world. Second, persuasion and organization are crucial notions in academic writing where the authors have to consider the academic audiences and their needs.  Third, some writers ar...

A generic analysis of research articles can cover a wide variety of issues; among them are rhetorical features. A crucial part of the rhetorical features of research article is the use of metadiscourse that can help to make the text persuasive and acceptable to a discourse community (Hyland, 2005). The underlying principle behind metadiscourse use is the view of writing as socially engaging: in...

In the past two decades, writing scholars [1-3] have tried to make sense of the functions and forms of metadiscourse in writing. In doing so, each of these scholars have designed varied metadiscourse frameworks that illustrate the different categories, functions and linguistic realizations so as to capture the use of metadiscourse more succinctly. The intention of this study is to review existi...

Even though both visual and textual elements create multimodal discourse, the former have received less attention (Kumpf, 2000) than latter (Hyland, 2005) when teaching a foreign language. The hypothesis of this study is that how metadiscourse organized in academic writing may be beneficial if implemented English for specific purposes. objectives analysis are to identify patterns categories cou...

This paper targets an understanding of how metadiscourse functions in spoken language. Starting from a metadiscourse taxonomy, a set of TED talks is annotated via crowdsourcing and then a lexical grade level predictor is used to map the distribution of the distinct discourse functions of the taxonomy across levels. The paper concludes showing how speakers use these functions in presentational s...

This paper addresses issues relating to the definition and non-expert understanding of metadiscursive acts. We present existing theory on spoken metadiscourse, focusing on one taxonomy that defines metadiscursive concepts in a functional manner, rather than formally. A crowdsourcing annotation task is set up with two main goals: (a) build a corpus of metadiscourse, and (b) assess the understand...