conclusions in conclusion, pegfp-kmp-gp96 (fusion) induced th1 platform immune response against leishmania major (mrho/ir/75/er) infection. results according to the results, the level of cytokines interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) and interleukin (il)-4, and ratio of ifn-γ /il4 was changed among different groups of mice before and seven weeks after immunization. the cytokines were increased significantl...

Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors remain a major class of drugs in rheumatology and their widespread use is expected to continue. The view that a prothrombotic effect explains the increase in myocardial infarction (MI) associated with both COX-2 selective and traditional NSAIDs (tNSAIDs) has been increasingly questioned. We review the evidence that prostanoids direct the immune response away from...

Background: Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) has been controversially linked to IL-4 production in previous studies. A predominant Th1 response leads to resistance against recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC), whereas a Th2 response exacerbates the disease. Objective: To investigate the possible effect of iron deficiency on the host’s susceptibility to RVVC as a result of the Th1/Th2 cytokine ...

The T helper cell type 1 (Th1) response is essential to resist leishmaniasis, whereas the Th2 response favors the disease. However, many leishmanial antigens, which stimulate a Th1 immune response during the disease or even after the disease is cured, have been shown to have no protective action. Paradoxically, antigens associated with an early Th2 response have been found to be highly protecti...

it is well accepted that in experimental model of leishmania major infection, balb/c mice mount a th2 response and produce igg1 predominantly whereas c57bl/6mice enhance th1 response with the biased production of igg2a antibodies. therefore, screening for parasite antigens on the basis of reactivity with sera from infected susceptible or resistant mice might be used for the identification of th...

A new paradigm for designing vaccines against certain microbial pathogens, including Chlamydia trachomatis, is based on the induction of local mucosal Th1 response. IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that exerts negative immunoregulatory influence on Th1 response. This study investigated whether biochemical modulation of endogenous IL-10 expression at the level of APCs is a practical strate...

IL-12 initiates Th1 cell development and cell-mediated immunity, but whether IL-12 contributes to the maintenance of a Th1 response is unclear. To address this question, we infected IL-12 p40-/- C57BL/6 mice with Leishmania major, an intracellular protozoan parasite controlled by a cell-mediated immune response, and simultaneously administered IL-12. Whereas untreated p40-/- mice developed an u...

Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors remain a major class of drugs in rheumatology and their widespread use is expected to continue. The view that a prothrombotic effect explains the increase in myocardial infarction (MI) associated with both COX-2 selective and traditional NSAIDs (tNSAIDs) has been increasingly questioned. We review the evidence that prostanoids direct the immune response away from...

Prostaglandins of the E series inhibit the development of Th1 responses. When infected with Leishmania major, BALB/c mice fail to develop a Th1 response, but instead mount a Th2 response and die of the disease. Therefore, we treated L. major-infected BALB/c mice with indomethacin, which inhibits prostaglandin production. Indomethacin lessened disease severity (parasite burden and pathology), an...

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered as the most common cause of female infertility that affects 4-10% of women in the reproductive age. Previous studies have shown the role of a balanced immune response in a successful pregnancy and fertility. Objective: To investigate the T helper cells type 1 (Th1) /Th2/Th17/Treg paradigms in peripheral blood of infertile PCOS compared ...