The El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) maintained its warm state through the austral spring of 2002, however the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) remained only weakly negative, with values of –7.6, –7.4 and –6.0 for September, October and November respectively. This resulted in a seasonal mean SOI of –7.0, an increase of 1.5 since the winter season (Jones 2003). The SOI for spring (arguably)...

The study investigates the vulnerability of vegetation over Africa to El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events using the moving window statistical correlation analysis technique. The correlation analysis was done betweenNormalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data fromAdvanced VeryHigh Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and an ENSO index, namely Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI). The study devel...

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the Earth’s strongest climate fluctuation on inter-annual time scales and has global impacts although originating in the tropical Pacific. Many point indices have been developed to describe ENSO but the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) is considered as the most representative since it links six different meteorological parameters measured over the tropica...

Climate variability alters nitrogen cycling, primary productivity, and dissolved oxygen concentration in marine ecosystems. We examined the role of this variability (as measured by six variables) on food chain length (FCL) in the California Current (CC) by reconstructing a time series of amino acid-specific δ15N values derived from common dolphins, an apex pelagic predator, and using two FCL pr...

A suite of empirical model experiments under the empirical model reduction framework are conducted to advance the understanding of ENSO diversity, nonlinearity, seasonality, and the memory effect in the simulation and prediction of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. The model training and evaluation are carried out using 4000-yr preindustrial control simulation data from ...

The Normalized Di erence Vegetation Index (NDVI) is widely accepted as a good indicator for providing vegetation properties and associated changes for large scale geographic regions. Using multivariate time series data analysis methods based on Principal Component transform and Wavelet Decomposition, a sequence of 11-year monthly Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-derived NDVI dat...

This doctoral thesis is concerned with the problems of the predictability and the temporal structure of indices of the climatic variability in the tropical Pacific, which is known in the scale of decades as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). For this purpose, time series of the anomalies and persistences of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) and of the Sea Sur...

introduction long-term annual extreme climate events, especially temperature and precipitation, have generally been used as indicators for the assessment of climate change. one of the most changeable climatic variables in time and space is precipitation. there are great number of research papers focusing on extreme precipitation on global, regional and national scales have been written. the res...