Secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA) are the predominant components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and have significant impacts on air quality, human health, and climate change. In this study, the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system (CMAQ) was modified to incorporate SO2 heterogeneous reactions on the surface of dust particles. The revised model was then used to simulate the spat...

A Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) provides wireless networking among proximate devices, usually carried by an individual. Bluetooth is a first instance of the WPAN technology. The basic networking entity in Bluetooth is a piconet. Several piconets (WPANs) can be interconnected into a scatternet, which can be considered as an extendable multi-hop ad hoc networking structure. Since Bluetoot...

The sleeping rat cycles between two well-characterized hippocampal physiological states, large irregular activity (LIA) during slow-wave sleep (SWS) and theta activity during rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM). A third, less well-characterized electroencephalographic (EEG) state, termed "small irregular activity" (SIA), has been reported to occur when an animal is startled out of sleep without movi...

BACKGROUND Rupture of a saccular intracranial aneurysm (sIA) causes an often fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Why some sIAs rupture remains unknown. Since sIA walls bear some histological similarities with early atherosclerotic lesions, we hypothesized that accumulation and oxidation of lipids might occur in the sIA wall and might associate with sIA wall degeneration. Tissue samples from sI...

The effector functions elicited by the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are subject to variation by the presence of terminal sialic acid (Sia) residues at asparagine-297 (Asn-297). We have previously shown that the sialic acid-containing (Sia+) fraction of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) influences cell surface marker expression and cytokine/chemokine ...

We used DFT calculations and a recently developed empirical potential for FeCr to study in detail the stability and mobility of single-SIA and SIA clusters in FeCr alloys of different concentrations, up to 15%Cr. We show that the presence of Cr creates local trapping configurations that can significantly reduce the mobility of single SIA and SIA clusters, thereby explaining a number of experime...

GOALS To evaluate the effect of micro-incision (2.2 mm) and small-incision (3.0 mm) coaxial phaco-emulsification on surgically induced astigmatism (SIA). METHODS Cataract patients (n = 60, 60 eyes) were randomized into two groups: 30 eyes in the 2.2-mm incision group, 30 eyes in the 3,0-mm group. Phaco-emulsification was followed by intraocular lens implantation via the Monarch II injector wi...

Diazepam, an antianxietic agent, antagonized the stress-induced analgesia (SIA) distinctively depending on the characteristics of the stress. Psychological (PSY, using communication box)-SIA was completely blocked by 1 or 2 mg/kg of diazepam in the tail pinch (TP) method, but not antagonized by 1 mg/kg of the drug in the tail flick test. Swimming-SIA was resistant to diazepam in both methods an...

The opportunism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in immunocompromised hosts prompted us to explore the potential role of sialic acids (Sia) in this phenomenon. Culture of PA in the presence of exogenous Sia resulted in linkage-specific incorporation of Sia which was associated with decreased complement deposition on the bacteria. Sia acquired by PA mediated enhanced binding of bacteria to recombi...

OBJECTIVE To elucidate the epilepsy-associated causes of death and subsequent excess long-term mortality among 12-month survivors of subarachnoid hemorrhage from saccular intracranial aneurysm (SIA-SAH). METHODS The Kuopio SIA Database (kuopioneurosurgery.fi) includes all SIA-SAH patients admitted to the Kuopio University Hospital from its defined catchment population in Eastern Finland. The ...