Research on the effect of implicit and explicit instruction on developing learners’ explicit knowledge by the use of measures of explicit knowledge abounds in the literature. However, measuring learners’ implicit knowledge employing fine-grained measures has rarely been the concern of researchers in the field. Therefore, the present study is an attempt to scrutinize the effectiveness of implici...

researchers have suggested that interactional feedback which is between teacher and learner during their writing is associated with l2 learning because it prompts learners to notice l2 forms. this paper reports a classroom-based study that investigated the role of feedback in socio-cultural theory. in this study, 12 efl learners performed on three writing tasks and were provided with a three-st...

williams, watts, macleod and mathews' (1988) model of anxiety and depression leads to the prediction that anxious patients will show mood – congreuent implicit memory bias, while depressed patients will show mood-congruent explicit memory bias.although this prediction has been supported by some researchers (denny & hunt, 1992 mathews, moog, et al , 1989 watkins, et al, 1992), the reliabili...

the current study is an attempt to investigate the impact of explicit instruction of metadiscourse markers on advanced, intermediate, and elementary efl learners’ writing performance. the participants of the study were 94 undergraduate students majoring in english literature at the university of isfahan. to elicit the relevant data, participants were given a pretest of writing ability to check ...

the aim of this study was to compare the performance of analogy (implicit),explicit and discovery learning in the retention and transfer of a topspin shot underpsychological pressure. for this purpose, 36 volunteer high school students wererandomly allocated to three treatment conditions: explicit, analogy, and discoverylearning. after performing 300 trials in the acquisition phase, an immediat...

although explicit and implicit knowledge of language learners are essential to theoretical and pedagogical debates in second language acquisition (sla), little research has addressed the effects of instructional interventions on the two knowledge types (r. ellis, 2005).this study examined the relative effectiveness of explicit and implicit types of form-focused instruction (ffi) on the acquisit...