Non-cooperative game theoretical models of self-enforcing international environmental agreements (IEAs) that employ the cartel stability concept of d’Aspremont et al. (1983) frequently assume that countries are identical, and they can sign a single agreement only. We modify the assumption by considering two self-enforcing IEAs and also two types of asymmetric countries. Extending a model of Bar...

The ring size effect of macrocyclic TMC ligands in nonheme iron(IV)-oxo complexes has been examined in hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reactions; an iron(IV)-oxo complex bearing a smaller TMC ligand is more reactive in both HAT and OAT reactions, resulting from its high Fe(IV/III) redox potential.

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Professor Toribio F. Otero at the Centre for Electrochemistry, Intelligent Materials and Devices at the Polytechnic University of Cartagena (Spain). The cover picture shows an electrochemical cell as well as three representative cyclic voltammetric responses, displaying the electrolyte potential window, the monomer oxidation-polymerization ...

An experimental method for measurement of local redox potential within multilayer electrodes was developed and applied to all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). Through-plane measurement at the positive side reveals several important phenomena including potential distribution, concentration distribution of active species and the predominant reaction location within the porous carbon electro...

In order to understand the mechanism of electrochemical reduction CO* on Cu(111), which competitively generates two intermediates, CHO* and COH*, we performed a first principles calculation these electrocatalytic reactions, including solvent effect imposing constant potential. The transition states reactions under potential conditions were located by nudged elastic band (eNEB) method charge in ...

in this paper a guided tabu search (gts) is utilized for optimal nodal ordering of finite element models (fems) leading to small profile for the stiffness matrices of the models. the search strategy is accelerated and a graph-theoretical approach is used as guidance. the method is evaluated by minimization of graph matrices pattern equivalent to stiffness matrices of finite element models. comp...

A new ground-state organic electron donor has been prepared that features four strongly π-donating iminophosphorano substituents on a bispyridinylidene skeleton. Cyclic voltammetry reveals a record redox potential of -1.70 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE) for the couple involving the neutral organic donor and its dication. This highly reducing organic compound can be isolated (44 %) or m...

Systematic studies based on 1H NMR and 13C NMR indicated that the alkylthio group behaves as a weak electron-withdrawing group in a simple aniline system like 2-butylthioaniline, while the same alkylthio group clearly acted as a resonance electron-donating group in higher conjugated aniline trimer systems, like butylthio-substituted PDA (mono-PDA) and dibutylthio-substituted PDA (2,6-diPDA). Th...