Given its vapor pressure, toluene tends to partition to the atmosphere. Automobile emissions are the principal source of toluene in ambient air, with levels fluctuating in proportion to automobile traffic. Toluene can also be a common indoor contaminant, and indoor air concentrations are often several times higher than outside air. This is likely due to release of toluene from common household ...

flap reconstruction remains inconsistent among practitioners. Previous animal studies have demonstrated favorable effects of antithrombotics by inhibiting anastomotic venous thrombosis and improving microcirculatory perfusion. However, these results have yet to translate into definitive clinical benefits in human studies, with the majority resulting in increased hematoma development. We aim to ...

We examined the effect of the 14-day agricultural restricted entry period on absorbed pesticide doses in a group of twenty experienced apple thinners. Thinners entered orchards 1-49 days following azinphosmethyl applications. Urine samples (n=296) collected throughout the thinning season were analyzed for the three dialkylphosphate metabolites of azinphosmethyl to estimate absorbed daily doses....

We describe the CAWE framework for the management of contextaware workflow systems, based on Web Services. The framework is based on a hierarchical workflow representation supporting a synthetic and extensible specification of context-sensitive workflows, which can be executed by standard workflow engines. We have exploited the CAWE framework to develop a prototype application handling a medica...

This analysis compares two deterministic reentry exposure models that differ in their treatment of the time dependence of dermal absorption. The first model, called the "traditional model," assumes that dermal absorption is a fixed fraction of the cumulative load on skin at the end of the workshift and that absorption is independent of residence time on the skin. The second model, called the "t...

Exposure to solvents has been reported to increase the risk of scleroderma. The authors investigated the relation between exposures to solvents in occupational and hobby settings and the development of scleroderma among women in a case-control study with population-based controls in Michigan (1980-1991) and Ohio (1980-1992). A total of 660 cases and 2,227 frequency-matched controls were intervi...