A thioredoxin reductase and a thioredoxin were purified to homogeneity from a cell extract of Thermotoga maritima. The thioredoxin reductase was a homodimeric flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-containing protein with a subunit of 37 kDa estimated using SDS-PAGE, which was identified to be TM0869. The amino acid sequence of the enzyme showed high identities and similarities to those of typical b...

Gravity perception and gravitropic response are essential for plant development. In herbaceous species, it is widely accepted that one of the primary events in gravity perception involves the displacement of amyloplasts within specialized cells. However, the early signaling events leading to stem reorientation are not fully known, especially in woody species in which primary and secondary growt...

The thioredoxin system, including NADPH, thioredoxin (Trx), and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), plays significant roles in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis and protecting organisms against oxidative damage. In this study, the characteristics and functions of H. armigera HaTrx2 and HaTrxR1 were identified. Sequence analysis showed that HaTrx2 and HaTrxR1 were both highly conserved and s...

Barley thioredoxin h isoforms HvTrxh1 and HvTrxh2 differ in temporal and spatial distribution and in kinetic properties. Target proteins of HvTrxh1 and HvTrxh2 were identified in mature seeds and in seeds after 72 h of germination. Improvement of the established method for identification of thioredoxin-targeted proteins based on two-dimensional electrophoresis and fluorescence labelling of thio...

This paper describes the purification of thioredoxin reductase (TR) and the characterization, purification, and cloning of thioredoxin (Trx) from Helicobacter pylori. Purification, amino acid sequence analysis, and molecular cloning of the gene encoding thioredoxin revealed that it is a 12-kDa protein which possesses the conserved redox active motif CGPC. The gene encoding Trx was amplified by ...

Biochemical and clinical evidence indicates that monomethylated selenium compounds are crucial for the tumor preventive effects of the trace element selenium and that methylselenol (CH(3)SeH) is a key metabolite. As suggested by Ganther (Ganther, H. E. (1999) Carcinogenesis 20, 1657-1666), methylselenol and its precursor methylseleninate might exert their effects by inhibition of the selenoenzy...

Thioredoxin is an essential protein present in all known biological systems responsible for mediating the major pathway through which electrons are transferred from NADP(H) to protein disulfide bonds: NADP(H) R-S-SR 3NADP R-SH HS-R .1,2 Thus, the discovery that thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) bound to and inhibited thioredoxin–NADPH–dependent reduction of protein disulfides3 predicted t...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The redox-regulatory protein thioredoxin has several functions including transcriptional regulation, and antioxidant, cytokine, and chemokine activities. We have previously shown that extracellular thioredoxin protects B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells from apoptosis in vitro. In this study we were interested to determine whether thioredoxin is produced b...

thioredoxins (trxs) are small ubiquitous oxidoreductase proteins with two redox-active cys residues in a conserved active site (wcg/ppc) that regulate numerous target proteins via thiol/disulfide exchanges in the cells of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. the isoforms ostrx23 with a typical active site (wcgpc) and ostrx20 with an atypical active site (wctpc) are two  trx h- type isoforms in rice that ...

Introduction. The humanSH3BGRL (h-SH3BGRL) gene is a member of the human SH3BGR family. The human SH3BGR (SH3 binding glutamic acid-rich) gene was cloned and characterized in 1997 in an effort to identify new genes located to chromosome 21. After the characterization of SH3BGR, three novel human genes, h-SH3BGRL, h-SH3BGRL2, and h-SH3BGRL3, were identified, showing a high homology to the N-term...