A hybrid zone involving Cnemidophmus tigris punctilinealis (formerly gracilis) and C. tigris marnoratus in southwestern New Mexico and adjacent Arizona is narrow and characterized by abrupt and concordant change in both morphological characters and allele frequencies studied by protein electrophoresis. We compared adult C. tigris sampled from three locations that span the hybrid zone. Body mass...

This paper examines the ramifications of late twentieth century water management schemes–especially those initiated by the Republic of Turkey–for the riparians of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The Turks’ geographical position, and their ability to construct large water storage systems, has essentially given them command of the headwaters of the Euphrates and, to a lesser degree, the Tigris. ...

any part of the Ottoman or Persian dominions, took everybody by surprise, and few would believe at first that the outbreak was really one of the dreaded Asiatic scourge. The rise of the Euphrates and Tigris in 1889 was insignificant. Navigation in the great canal of Shat-el-Hai, which connects the Tigris with the Euphrates, ceased in May, and the extensive marsh lying between Shatra and Nasriye...

Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) population in their historic ranges is critically endangered owing to habitat destructions, ruthless poaching and retaliatory killing. The tiger population now remains in few thousands located in about 150 fragments in 13 countries (Karanth and Gopal, 2005). However, declination is also associated with health related problems such as nutritional deficiencies and i...

A 3-week-old female white Bengal Tiger cub (Panthera tigris tigris) presented with acute onset tachypnoea, cyanosis and hypothermia. The cub was severely hypoxaemic with a mixed acid-base disturbance. Echocardiography revealed severe pulmonic stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, high membranous ventricular septal defect and an overriding aorta. Additionally, an atrial septal defect was foun...

garra rufa , a bottom dwelling freshwater fish and native to the middle east, is distributed in the southwestern of iran and the tigris basin. considering the importance of length-weight relationships data of a species in different habitats, the length-weight relationship of g. rufa from 13 rivers in the persian gulf and the tigris basins was explored. the value of exponent b ranged from 2.74 t...

The project appraisal method in the Netherlands distinguishes direct effects, indirect distribution effects and indirect generative effects. In general transport models are available for calculating the benefits of transport projects to travellers as part of the direct effects. The TIGRIS XL model, a Land-Use and Transport Interaction model, adds indirect distribution effects for the housing an...

A Geographic Information System (GIS) requires both interactive edit/query, and power-ful spatial analysis capabilities -for large volumes o-f geographic data. This spatial analysis requirement has led to the investigation o-f the mathematical -field o-f topology. The major problems o-f previous topological systems have been the construction o-f a logically consistent topological structure and ...

This paper provides information on the geographic distributions of two cyprinid species: Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855) and Alburnus caeruleus Heckel, 1843, in the world and the entire drainage systems in Iran. The new distribution records were taken from Maroon River (Jarrahi River system) and Chardaval River (Karkheh river system), both in Tigris River basin showing wide and narrow...

Leptopoma is a species rich genus with approximately 100 species documented. Species-level identification in this group has been based on shell morphology and colouration, as well as some anatomical features based on small sample sizes. However, the implications of the inter- and intra-species variations in shell form to the taxonomy of Leptopoma species and the congruency of its current shell ...