recently, special type of fuel cells has been developed that operates in a dead end mode. working in this condition, the dead-end fuel cell is supplied withhydrogen almost at the same rate of consumption. it is noteworthy to mention thatall of the water transport mechanisms have been considered in this simulation.water accumulation that is directly proportional to the cell current is of a great...

Black holes are arguably the most extreme regions of universe. Yet, they also utterly inaccessible to experimentation, and even just indirect observation poses significant technical challenges. The phenomenological approach thermodynamics is uniquely suited explore at least some physical properties such scenarios, this has motivated study so-called holographic engines. We show that efficiency a...