1 Mass rapid transit systems (MRT) have become the most important public transport mode in many 2 major cities globally, given its advantages in larger capacity, faster velocity and higher reliability 3 compared with other modes. Hence, various projects directed to improve service quality of MRT 4 systems by optimizing operation strategies have been conducted worldwide. Among numerous 5 methods...

The overall timetable reliability is a measure of the likely performance of the timetable as a whole, in terms of schedule adherence. The reliability of arrivals is a critical performance measure for all rail markets. This paper presents analytically based models designed to quantify the amount of delay risk associated with each track segment, train and the schedule as a whole. Three main types...

A convenient way to estimate internal body time (BT) is essential for chronotherapy and time-restricted feeding, both of which use body-time information to maximize potency and minimize toxicity during drug administration and feeding, respectively. Previously, we proposed a molecular timetable based on circadian-oscillating substances in multiple mouse organs or blood to estimate internal body ...

Measuring timetable robustness is a complex task. Previous efforts have mainly been focused on simulation studies or measurements of time supplements. However, these measurements don't capture the production flexibility of a timetable, which is essential for measuring the robustness with regard to the trains' commercial activity commitments, and also for merging the goals of robustness and effi...

To satisfy the growing demand in railway transportation, infrastructure managers have the necessity to design more effective timetables. To this aim it is necessary to rely on automatic timetabling support tools that can provide feasible timetables with improved performance. In this paper we propose a hierarchical framework for timetable design that includes a microscopic, mesoscopic and macros...

Timetable optimization for urban subways is aimed at improving the transportation service. In congested subway systems, effects of crowding stations and inside vehicles have not been properly addressed in timetabling. Moreover, it difficult to show time values different riding conditions. this paper, we consider passenger-travel process as a physical activity expending energy formulate travel e...

In the 2014 finalised timetable for Sweden 314 operation days had a unique set of trains i.e. a unique traffic pattern. Despite this, the finalised timetable generally provides only one conflict resolved train path for each train, and this train path is to be used for all of the train’s operation days. Further, once the yearly timetable has been finalised train paths may not be changed, causing...