Due to the feasibility of ethanol production in the United States, ethanol has become more attractive as a fuel source and a possible energy carrier within the hydrogen economy. Ethanol can be stored easily in liquid form, and can be internally pre-formed prior to usage in low temperature (200 o C – 400 o C) solid acid and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. However, complete electrochemic...

Abstract: Solid acid (heterogeneous) catalysts have a unique advantage in esterifi cation and transesterifi cation reactions which enhances the use of high acid value oil to be used as feedstock for synthesis of biodiesel. Various solid acid catalysts such as resins, tungstated and sulfated zirconia, polyaniline sulfate, heteropolyacid, metal complexes, sulfated tin oxide, zeolite, acidic ionic...

Tin was deposited in the amount of 0.4 and 0.8 nm onto CeO2(111) surface by molecular beam deposition at the temperature of 520 K. The interaction of tin with cerium oxide was studied with use of XPS, UPS and RPES (Resonant Photoelectron Spectroscopy). The strong tin – ceria interaction led to the Ce(4-nx)+Snxn+O22compound formation. It was accompanied with partial reduction of CeO2 observed as...

Polymers that respond in a productive fashion to their environment are under active development as they offer significant advantages over traditional materials. For example, polymers with the ability to self-heal and recover a significant fraction of their initial properties after being subjected to a damage event are of significant interest. Here we study the effect of healing agent viscosity ...

Visible-light-responsive layered titanium dioxide/tin indium oxide (TiO2/ITO) catalysts prepared on unheated glass slides by DC magnetron sputtering were investigated in this study. Transmittance spectra of the catalyst revealed that an interference pattern gradually appeared at wavelengths of 550-650 nm which indicated a strong light absorption up to this region. The red-shift may be ascribed ...

Organic synthetic methodology in the 21st century aims to conform to the principles of green sustainable chemistry (GSC) and we may expect that in the future, the realization of GSC will be an important objective for chemical industries. An important aim of synthetic organic chemistry is to implement waste-free and environmentally-benign industrial processes using Lewis acids as versatile as al...

Catalysts of carbon monoxide oxidation were synthesized by deposition platinum on titanium nitride (TiN). Two substrates with an average particle size 18 and 36 nm obtained hydrogen reduction tetrachloride in a stream microwave plasma nitrogen. The surface the catalysts was studied X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). data us present work indicate presence oxynitride as transition layer betw...

Electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate is a promising approach store renewable electricity and utilize CO2. Tin oxide catalysts are efficient for this process, while the mechanisms underneath, especially existence role of oxidized tin species under electroreduction conditions remain unclear. In work, we provide strong evidence on presence both SnO2 Sn during via in situ surface-enhanced Raman...

In this research Na-Y was synthesized by hydrothermal method and used as support for preparation of Sn/Pt/Na-Y catalysts using two different tin precursors, Bu3Sn(Cl) and SnCl2.2H2O, by sequential impregnation, in which the Pt  was deposited first and in the next step Sn was deposited. The catalysts were characterized by H2 chemisorption, transmis...