BACKGROUND Obtaining a correct working length is critical to the success of endodontic therapy. Different methods have been used to identify this crucial measurement. The Aim of this clinical study was to compare the effect of working length determination using apex locator alone or in combination with working length radiograph on the apical extent of root canal filling. METHODS A total numbe...

We report on a systematic study of highly enhanced optical field and its induced thermal transport in nanotips under laser irradiation. The effects on electric field distribution caused by curvature radius, tip aspect ratio, and polarization angle of the incident laser are studied. Our Poynting vectors' study clearly shows that when a laser interacts with a metal tip, it is bent around the tip ...

Since the clinical introduction of proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) by AO group in 2004 and PFNA-II (Asian version) in 2008, this type of cephalomedullary nail with single head-neck helical blade were commonly used in unstable pertrochanteric and intertrochanteric fractures in geriatric patients. Recently, severe complications of helical blade perforation through the femoral head, into...

BACKGROUND Unstable proximal femoral fractures are common and challenging for the orthopaedic surgeon. Often, these are treated with intramedullary nails. The most common mode of failure of any device to treat these fractures is cut-out. The Synthes proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) is unique because it is the only proximal femoral intramedullary nail which employs a helical blade in li...

The short range force between the tip and the surface atoms, that is responsible for atomic-scale contrast in atomic force microscopy (AFM), is mainly controlled by the tip apex. Thus, the ability to image, manipulate and chemically identify single atoms in semiconductor surfaces is ultimately determined by the apex structure and its composition. Here we present a detailed and systematic study ...

OBJECTIVE Although it is known that the papillary muscles ensure the continuity between the left ventricle (LV) and the mitral apparatus, their precise mechanism needs further study. We hypothesize that the papillary muscles function as shock absorbers to maintain a constant distance between their tips and the mitral annulus during the entire cardiac cycle. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sonomicrometr...

BACKGROUND Proximal femoral fracture rates are increasing due to osteoporosis and traffic accidents. Proximal femoral nails are routinely used in the treatment of these fractures in the proximal femur. AIMS To compare various combinations and to determine the ideal proximal lag screw position in pertrochanteric fractures (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen classification 31-A1) of th...

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the clinical applicability of two electronic apex locators (EALs) - Apex (Septodont) and iPex (NSK) - in different groups of human teeth by using radiography. The working lengths (WLs) of 100 root canals were determined electronically. The EAL to be used first was chosen randomly and a K-file was inserted into the root canal until the EAL display in...