To improve the transdermal bioavailability and safety of alendronate (ALN), a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, we developed self-dissolving microneedle arrays (MNs), in which ALN is loaded only at the tip portion of micron-scale needles by a dip-coating method (ALN(TIP)-MN). We observed micron-scale pores in rat skin just after application of ALN(TIP)-MN, indicating that transdermal pathways...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections are commonly performed for temporary pain relief or diagnostic presurgical planning in patients with cervical radiculopathy. Intravascular injection of steroids during the procedure can potentially result in cord infarct, stroke, and even death. CT-fluoroscopy allows excellent anatomic resolution and precise needle posit...

We demonstrate that the soft nature of organic semiconductors can be exploited to directly measure the potential distribution inside such an organic layer by scanning-tunneling microscope (STM) based spectroscopy. Keeping the STM feedback system active while reducing the tip-sample bias forces the tip to penetrate the organic layer. From an analysis of the injection and bulk transport processes...

Abstract Using tip-enhanced photoluminescence (TEPL), we investigate micron-size monolayer MoS 2 flakes. In a sequence of studies, apply various voltages between the Ag-coated nano-tip and flakes observe an intriguing result. During TEPL measurement, that spectrum is blue shifted overall signal intensity increased. We attribute this behavior to plasmon-induced electron injection into . Addition...

2014 It was shown previously that a small volume of liquid nitrogen in front of a sharp metal tip can withstand an extremely high field without any sign of breakdown or charge injection. Subsequently, the influence of the tip radius on the critical field has been investigated and is described here. Also, by monitoring the injection, it has been possible to analyse the influence of the injected ...

Cotton-Tip Applicator Lid Retraction Technique for Controlled Intravitreal Injection Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents for retinal, vascular, and macular disease has become one of the most commonly performed medical procedures worldwide. Safety, cost, and patient comfort issues are thus of huge importance. The majority of retina specialists uses a lid spec...

Freehand three-dimensional ultrasound system allows intra-operative imaging of pathologic tissue for image-guided injection. Accurate registration of ultrasound image for injection navigation requires calibration that is timeconsuming and tedious. We present an efficient calibration system based on a clinical injector. The injector equipped with an optical tracking sensor is moved in the vicini...

BACKGROUND Multiple factors impact subcutaneous insulin injection pain. Injection devices [e.g., syringe or pen needle (PN)] affect pain due to needle length, diameter, needle polishing and lubrication, and needle tip geometry. METHODS We evaluated a modified 5-bevel PN tip in 32 G × 4 mm 31 G × 5 mm and 8 mm PNs vs the equivalent marketed 3-bevel PNs in laboratory penetration force testing, ...

The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is a common source of low back pain. The most appropriate method of confirming SIJ pain is to inject local anesthesia into the joint to find out if the pain decreases. Unfortunately, although the SIJ is a large joint, it can be difficult to enter due to the complex nature of the joint and variations in anatomy. In my experience a double needle technique for sacroiliac...