In recent decades the organic solvent toluene (methylbenzene) has emerged as one of the best-studied neurotoxins. Long-term and intense exposure to toluene vapors in humans who abuse spray paint and related substances has led to the recognition that toluene has a severe impact on central nervous system myelin. Chronic toluene abuse produces a devastating neurological disorder, of which dementia...

Toluene was discovered as the structure template for the synthesis of large-cage RHO-type zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-11 and ZIF-12) in an alcohol-based solution where benzimidazole-toluene interactions play a decisive structure-directing role; otherwise it leads to small-cage SOD-type ZIF-7 and ZIF-9 without toluene. The specific π-π interactions make toluene molecules adopt a specifi...

Aim: Neuroprotective effects of ebselen against free radical damage have been studied extensively. Toluene generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the toxic effects relating to these reactants. The aim of this study was designed to investigate the effects of chronic toluene inhalation in high concentration on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities and ultrastructural changes in t...

A novel sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from fuel-contaminated subsurface soil, strain PRTOL1, mineralizes toluene as the sole electron donor and carbon source under strictly anaerobic conditions. The mineralization of 80% of toluene carbon to CO2 was demonstrated in experiments with [ring-U-14C]toluene; 15% of toluene carbon was converted to biomass and nonvolatile metabolic by-products, p...

Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia G4 was cultivated in a fed-batch bioreactor on either toluene or toluene plus trichloroethylene (TCE). The culture was allowed to reach a constant cell density under conditions in which the amount of toluene supplied equals the maintenance energy demand of the culture. Compared with toluene only, the presence of TCE at a toluene/TCE ratio of 2.3 caused a fourf...

A bacterial isolate, Pseudomonas putida CN-T19, could grow in a two-phase medium with toluene up to 50% (v/v). Changes in fatty acid composition and membrane fluidity of the isolate were investigated to understand how this microorganism responds toluene. The changes in the ratios of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids were insignificant between cells grown with and without toluene. The changes...

In-situ pilot studies of aerobic cometabolism were conducted to evaluate the injection of toluene-vapor and air into TCE-contaminated aquifer. Delivery of primary substrate (toluene) in a vapor state with air enhanced the growth of indigenous toluene-utilizing bacteria that would degrade TCE by aerobic cometabolism. Meanwhile, delivering toluene in a vapor state effectively reduced potential cl...

Background: Toluene is a harmful substance still being used as a solvent and catalyst in many industries that can increase the level of urinary hippuric acid (UHA). This study was designed to examine the level of toluene and UHA among workers of industrial site in seven companies in Sidoarjo, Indonesia and to analyze the risk factors for abnormal UHA. Methods: This study was an analytical cross...

exposure to toluene can be associate with genotoxicity, neurological dysfunction, reproductive toxicity, and etc. biomonitoring of hippuric acid (ha) is used for a long time as an occupational exposure index to toluene. the aim of this study was to explore efficiency of ha as a biomarker of exposure to low level of toluene for iranian petroleum depot workers in 2011. personal monitoring to tolu...