Spatial heterogeneity and long-distance translocation (LDT) play important roles in the spatio-temporal dynamics and management of emerging infectious diseases and invasive species. We assessed the influence of LDT events on the invasive spread of raccoon rabies through Connecticut. We identified several putative LDT events, and developed a network-model to evaluate whether they became new foci...

The past decades have witnessed a number of informal land developments on the urban fringe in China although many strict state regulations have been made to control this. The dual urban rural land system is widely believed to be one major determinant of informal developments in the existing literature. However, the important role of local villages and townships are often neglected. This paper a...

This study examines the change in demand for financial assistance from Illinois townships and capacity of to meet demands, with special attention collaborative townships. The results suggest that greater larger staff resources were more likely respond increased needs 2020 than other As such, this makes a meaningful contribution current governance intersectoral collaboration literature practices...

Arsenic is a well-documented human carcinogen. Previous studies on urinary bladder and skin cancers have shown that arsenic can cause specific cell types of malignancy. To evaluate whether this is also true for lung cancers, we conducted a study on 243 townships in Taiwan. We identified patients through the National Cancer Registry Program and compared the proportion of each major cell type bet...

Shifting markets can cause unexpected, stochastic changes in rural landscapes that may take local communities by surprise. Preferential siting of new industrial facilities in poor areas or in areas with few regulatory restrictions can have implications for environmental sustainability, human health, and social justice. This study focuses on frac sand mining-the mining of high-quality silica san...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stroke system of care plays key roles both in providing effective therapies and in improving the overall outcome of patients with stroke. Our purpose was to develop and evaluate the system in Chinese rural areas. METHODS A stroke system of care was developed from November 2009 to November 2010 in 3 townships in Ganyu County. An additional 3 matched townships were invite...

A significant dose-response relation between ingested arsenic and several cancers has recently been reported in four townships of the endemic area of blackfoot disease, a unique peripheral artery disease related to the chronic arsenic exposure in southwestern Taiwan. This study was carried out to examine ecological correlations between arsenic level of well water and mortality from various mali...

abstract fars province with a share of more than 16 percent holds the highest rank in producing tomato in iran. this study aims at determining priorities for tomato processing centers in fars province’s townships. to achieve the study objective a distance minimizing pattern was used for transportation network between producing and processing centers as well as processing and consumption centers...

BACKGROUND A community-based randomized control prenatal care trial was performed in a rural county of China during 2000-2003. The purpose of this paper is to describe the trial implementation and the impact of the trial on the utilization of prenatal care and perinatal outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the study county, 10 townships (from a total of 55) were each paired with a control (20 s...