the political and social system involved in the limbo between tradition and modernity of the qajar era caused widespread and quick developments in iranian culture, art, and architecture as well as a challenge between tradition and modernity. relatively numerous palaces built in this era were signs of greatness and distinction-seeking of the qajar kings and aristocrats, who embraced all transfor...

for rethinking the anthony giddens’s theory on “reflection”, it is necessary to reconsider his general approach to social reality, and then, situating the concept of “reflection” in the context of his general approach. thus, three-steps will be studied in the article: first, structuration theory that is most important opposition in his social theory. then, giddens's notion of tradition and...

with the beginning of a new era of constitutional dimensions of iran's social and political environment changes, the formation of social and political forces in iran has been change. arrival and spread of western culture as a challenge to the intellectual tradition- political manifested, iranian muslims's among the jurists and religious forces seek to explain the progressive principle...

asking about the relation of religion and modernity has been always reflected by scholars, and answering it has formed different approaches, especially from the last parts of qajar monarchy. the intellectual approach follows originality of modernity and complete transition from tradition. in contrast, the traditional approach believes in following the tradition of predecessors and independence ...