The adherence of the overlying tissues to the underlying structures in the face is maintained by the retaining ligaments. True retaining ligaments named orbital, zygomatic and mandibular ligaments are a series of fibrous bands that run from periosteum to the dermis. The tethering effect of true retaining ligaments must be released for achieving a satisfactory movement of facial skin and Superfi...

[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of upper quadrant posture of young women with temporomandibular disorders. [Subjects] The participants were 19 female patients with temporomandibular disorders (patient group: mean age, 30.1 years) and 14 controls (control group: mean age, 24.6 years). [Methods] Outcome measures were the neck inclination angle (formed by a line conne...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the average facial proportions and mandibular movement capacity of 316 first-year dental students who carefully recorded them on each other. MATERIALS AND METHODS This early exacting clinical experience was closely supervised by the authors in Columbus, Ohio during 1969-70. Five vertical and six horizontal distances were measured on each subj...

AIM Definitions of the ala-tragus line (ATL) cause confusion, because the exact points of reference for this line do not agree. This study determined the relationship between the prosthetic occlusal plane (OP) corresponding to the lateral borders of the tongue and ATL which was established by using the inferior border of the ala of the nose and (1) the superior border of the tragus (ATL 1), (2)...

Pain of all types continues to cause substantial burdens to society because of high health care costs and decreased productivity. Dental patients may present with facial pain (often subjectively defined as pain below the ala-tragus line) associated with headache (subjectively defined as pain above the ala-tragus line), both of which are often poorly diagnosed and treated. People with ongoing pa...

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of upper quadrant posture analysis using an ultrasound-based three-dimensional motion analyzer. [Subjects] Subjects were 72 healthy young adults. [Methods] Neck inclination angle formed by a line connecting C7 and the tragus with a horizontal line, angle of the shoulder formed by a line connecting C7 and the acromial angle with a h...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the facial dimensions of young adult women with a preferred facial appearance and compare the results with those from the general population. METHODS Twenty-five linear, nine angular, and three area measurements were made and four ratios were calculated using a sample of standardized frontal and lateral photographs of 46 young adult women with a...

The role of the external ear in sonar target localization for prey capture was studied by deflecting the tragus of six big brown bats, Eptesicus fuscus. The prey capture performance of the bat dropped significantly in the tragus-deflection condition, compared with baseline, control, and recovery conditions. Target localization error occurred in the tragus-deflected bat, and mainly in elevation....

Background The aim of this study was to estimate the optimal depth of nasotracheal tube placement. Methods We enrolled 110 patients scheduled to undergo oral and maxillofacial surgery, requiring nasotracheal intubation. After intubation, the depth of tube insertion was measured. The neck circumference and distances from nares to tragus, tragus to angle of the mandible, and angle of the mandib...