Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) plays a vital role in the immune response to ssRNA viruses such as human rhinovirus (HRV) and Influenza, against which there are currently no treatments or vaccines with long term efficacy available. Clearly, a more comprehensive understanding of the TLR7 signaling axis will contribute to its molecular targeting. TRIF related adaptor molecule (TRAM) plays a vital rol...

Agrobacterium tumefaciens wild-type strains have a unique quorum-sensing (QS)-dependent Ti plasmid conjugative transfer phenotype in which QS signaling is activated by corresponding conjugative opine inducers. Strain K588, with a nopaline-type chromosomal background harboring an octopine-type Ti plasmid, however, is a spontaneous mutant displaying a constitutive phenotype in QS. In this study, ...

TraM is a DNA binding protein required for conjugative transfer of the self-transmissible IncF group of plasmids, including F, R1, and R100. F TraM binds to three sites in F oriT: two high affinity binding sites, sbmA and sbmB, which are direct repeats of nearly identical sequence involved in the autoregulation of the traM gene; and a lower affinity site, sbmC, an inverted repeat important for ...

BACKGROUND The abdomen remains a popular donor site for autologous tissue breast reconstruction. Recently, however, some authors have questioned whether the pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap should remain a first-line reconstruction option. METHODS Between 1998 and 2009, 188 women underwent breast reconstruction with pedicled TRAM flaps by the senior author (J.A.A....

TRAM-34, a clotrimazole analog characterized as a potent and selective inhibitor of intermediate-conductance, calcium-activated K(+) (IKCa) channels, has been used extensively in vitro and in vivo to study the biological roles of these channels. The major advantage of TRAM-34 over clotrimazole is the reported lack of inhibition of the former drug on cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity. CYPs, a large...

The number of breast reconstruction procedures has been increasing in recent years. One of the suggested treatment methods is breast reconstruction with a pedicled skin and muscle TRAM flap (transverse rectus abdominis muscle - TRAM). Surgical incisions performed during a cholecystectomy procedure may be located in the areas significant for flap survival. The aim of this paper is to present ana...

BACKGROUND Functional outcomes in breast reconstruction are important quality measures and aid in patients' decision-making process. To address the concerns of abdominal wall morbidity with transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap reconstructions, the authors prospectively evaluated the long-term effects of postmastectomy breast reconstruction on trunk function using objective c...

BACKGROUND No consensus has been reached regarding the outcome of management of local recurrence after transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap breast reconstruction. This study demonstrated the presentation, management, and outcomes of local recurrence after immediate TRAM breast reconstruction. METHODS A comparison was conducted among 1,000 consecutive patients who underwent imm...

BACKGROUND Current teaching suggests increased perfusion in free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flaps over pedicled TRAM flaps, broadening indications for its use in high risk patients. This study compared perfusion analysis of free muscle-sparing versus pedicle TRAM flaps in vivo in the peri-operative and late post-operative periods. METHODS The SPY-Elite system using indocy...

Background: The transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap remains the gold standard for postmastectomy reconstruction either immediate or delayed. However, transfer of TRAM flap can be associated with donor site morbidities and complications in flap. A successful reconstruction consists of careful patient selection, surgical technique and meticulous preoperative planning. This st...