PURPOSE The Pro23His (P23H) rhodopsin (RHO) mutation underlies the most common form of human autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). The objective of this investigation was to establish a transgenic miniature swine model of RP using the human P23H RHO gene. METHODS Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) was used to create transgenic miniature pigs that expressed the human P23H RHO mutat...

T ransgene containment is a central concern in genetically modified (GM) crops, especially for those with out-crossing wild relatives. However, plant cells contain genomes in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Whereas nuclear genes are biparentally inherited, organelle genes are in general maternally inherited (1, 2). Therefore, engineering foreign genes in the chloroplast genome may ...

Genetic imprinting in mice results in functional differences in the oocyte and spermatocyte genomes, as evidenced by both genetic and pronuclear transfer experiments. To gain insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the imprinting process, researchers have studied methylation phenotypes and expression of hemizygous transgenes associated with parental origin. In this report, we describ...

Plastids (chloroplasts) are maternally inherited in most crops. Maternal inheritance excludes plastid genes and transgenes from pollen transmission. Therefore, plastid transformation is considered a superb tool for ensuring transgene containment and improving the biosafety of transgenic plants. Here, we have assessed the strictness of maternal inheritance and the extent to which plastid transfo...

Multi‑transgenic technology is superior to single transgenic technology in biological and medical research. Multi‑transgene insertion mediated by a polycistronic system is more effective for the integration of polygenes. The multi‑transgene insertion patterns and manners of inheritance are not completely understood. Copy number quantification is one available approach for addressing this issue....

Breeding wheat with durable resistance to the fungal pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), a major threat cereal production, is challenging due rapid evolution of virulence. Increased durability and broad-spectrum can be achieved by introducing more than one gene, but combining numerous unlinked genes breeding laborious. Here we generate polygenic Pgt transgene cassette five into bre...

Variation in transgene expression levels can result from uncontrolled differences in experimental protocols. Studies conducted over generations could, by their design, generate additional unwanted variation. To study sources of spurious variation, transgene expression levels were quantified over five homozygous generations in two independent transgenic rice lines created by particle bombardment...

The development of vehicles driving foreign DNA into the cell nucleus is essential for effective cellular gene transfer applications. We report that noncovalent binding of nuclear localization signal (NLS) peptides to plasmid DNA enhances nuclear uptake of the DNA and promotes germline integration, inheritance, and expression of a single copy of a luciferase reporter gene in zebrafish. As few a...

Escaped transgenic organisms (GMO's) may threaten the populations of their wild relatives if able to hybridize with each other. The introgression of a growth enhancement transgene into a wild Atlantic salmon population may be affected by the transgene's effects not only on fitness parameters, but also on mating behaviour. Large anadromous GMO males are most preferred in mating, but a transgene ...