Due to the nonlinear nature of the Bang-Bang phase-locked loops (BBPLLs), its transient analysis is very difficult. In this paper, new equations are proposed for expression of transient behavior of the second order BBPLLs to phase step input. This approach gives new insights into the transient behavior of BBPLLs. Approximating transient response to reasonable specific waveform the loop tran...

with increasing the presence of microgrids (mgs) in the power systems, investigating the mg stability during transient faults is necessary. this study investigates the transient stability analysis of a mg supplied by multiple inverter interfaced distributed generations (iidgs) during fault. the transient stability of a mg is highly depends on the iidgs control strategy. a mg, simulated on matla...

while most tinnitus cases have some degree of hearing impairment, a small percent of the patients admitted to ear, nose and throat clinics or hearing evaluation centers are those who complain of tinnitus despite having normal hearing thresholds. present study was performed in order to better understanding of the probable causes of tinnitus and to investigate possible changes in the cochlear and...

objective(s): in the present study, we investigated the effect of ischemic preconditioning (ipc) on c-myb immunoreactivity as well as neuronal damage/death after a subsequent lethal transient ischemia in gerbils. materials and methods: ipc was subjected to a 2 min sublethal ischemia and a lethal transient ischemia was given 5 min transient ischemia. the animals in all of the groups were given r...

sarah was  a 22 year old woman who passing her first pregnancy.  the  pregnancy was unplanned and random and she did not know her last menstrual history. he was visited at home by a midwife community health. no important problem was found in his medical history but he was  smoking 20 cigarettes daily . it was noteworthy that saeed ,his wife, had transient neonatal diabetes history. although sar...

transient ischemic left ventricular dilation (tid) is a marker of severe and extensive coronary artery disease as well as an increased risk of adverse outcomes. the patients with more severe and extensive ischemia, multivessel-type of perfusion abnormality as well as patients with left anterior descending artery (lad) territory perfusion abnormality have more probability of having tid. evaluati...

one of the most efficient mechanisms by which plants protect themselves from invading virusesis the specific rna-dependent silencing pathway termed post-transcriptional gene silencing(ptgs). in this mechanism, resistance to a virus is engineered through the expression of asegment of the virus genomein transgenic plants. potato virusy (pvy) is one of the mostdamaging viruses of potato, infecting...

joule-thomson cooling systems are used in refrigeration processes such as cryogenic gas liquefaction. although extensive studies have been carried out by researchers, most of them include cryogenic heat exchangers and their associated fields. in the current study, an attempt was made to indicate the effect of using inappropriate operational conditions in a cryogenic joule-thomson cooling system...

this paper works on the concept of flatness and its practical application for the design of an optimal transient controller in a synchronous machine. the feedback linearization scheme of interest requires the generation of a flat output from which the feedback control law can easily be designed. thus the computation of the flat output for reduced order model of the synchronous machine with simp...