abstract agricultural scientists have developed considerable interest in modeling and generation of rainfall as new ways of analyzing rainfall data and assessing its impact on agriculture. a combination of markov chain and gamma distribution function is recognized as a simple approach and is demonstrated to be effective in generating daily rainfall data for many environments. thus the availabil...

We investigated how the statistical learning of auditory sequences is reflected in neuromagnetic responses in implicit and explicit learning conditions. Complex tones with fundamental frequencies (F0s) in a five-tone equal temperament were generated by a formant synthesizer. The tones were subsequently ordered with the constraint that the probability of the forthcoming tone was statistically de...

Background: In this study, with the aim of modeling Leukemia in children using Phase-type distribution, three transitional phases including diagnosis, brain metastasis and testis/ovary metastasis, and one absorotion phase of recovery/death have been considered. The distribution was fitted and the probabilities of death or recovery were determined based on the independent variab...

The Lower Rhine Delta, a transitional area between the River Rhine and Meuse and the North Sea, is at risk of flooding induced by infrequent events of a storm surge or upstream flooding, or by more infrequent events of a combination of both. A joint probability analysis of the astronomical tide, the wind induced storm surge, the Rhine flow and the Meuse flow at the boundaries is established in ...

PURPOSE Cost-benefit analysis is one of the most commonly used economic evaluation methods, which helps to inform the economic value of a program to decision makers. However, the selection of a correct benefit estimation method remains critical for accurate cost-benefit analysis. This paper compared benefit estimations among three different benefit estimation models. METHODS Data from communi...

Skilled readers are able to derive meaning from a stream of visual input with remarkable efficiency. In this article, we present the first evidence that statistical information latent in the linguistic environment can contribute to an account of reading behavior. In two eye-tracking studies, we demonstrate that the transitional probabilities between words have a measurable influence on fixation...

Numerous recent studies suggest that human learners, including both infants and adults, readily track sequential statistics computed between adjacent elements. One such statistic, transitional probability, is typically calculated as the likelihood that one element predicts another. However, little is known about whether listeners are sensitive to the directionality of this computation. To addre...