We numerically analyze the origin of the transmission losses in left-handed structures. Our data confirms that left-handed structures can have very good transmission properties, in spite of the expectable dispersion of their effective permeability and refraction index. The large permittivity of the metallic components improves the transmission. High losses, observed in recent experiments, could...

Transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) is an important component of power system planning. Itdetermines the characteristics and performance of the future electric power network and influences the powersystem operation directly. Different methods have been proposed for the solution of the static transmissionnetwork expansion planning (STNEP) problem till now. But in all of them, STNEP pr...

transmission network expansion planning (tnep) is an important component of power system planning. itdetermines the characteristics and performance of the future electric power network and influences the powersystem operation directly. different methods have been proposed for the solution of the static transmissionnetwork expansion planning (stnep) problem till now. but in all of them, stnep pr...

The hydrological model WASA (Model of Water Availability in Semi-Arid Environments) has been developed as a deterministic, spatially distributed model, consisting of conceptual, process-based approaches, to quantify water availability in large semi-arid regions. Water availability can be calculated with a daily resolution and on different spatial levels. The model has been applied by Güntner (2...