hiv infection by maternal transmission is increasing in the world due to the increase in infected women who are not receiving appropriate antiretroviral therapy. prognosis of hiv infection in children is poor because the newborn has an immature immune system. early diagnosis and therapy are needed to avoid the development of aids. new therapies are becoming available but prevention of infection...

Two recent publications report that direct bird-to-bird transmission of West Nile virus is possible. The effect of a bird-to-bird transmission on the transmission dynamics of this virus is studied through mathematical modeling. The model still treats the bird-to-mosquito-to-bird as the main transmission route. The results of numerical calculations show that there are changes in the dynamics of ...

A common approach to assessing the relative importance of different transmission routes is to eliminate transmission through one route and assume that the ratio "number of cases eliminated:number of residual cases" measures the relative importance of the eliminated route vis-à-vis the residual transmission route. A quantitative model is used to generate synthetic data similar to those analyzed ...

The Annual Review of Pharmacology for 1967 contains some 20 reviews, including a review of reviews by Dr. Chauncey D. Leake. As might be expected from this type of review book, the quality and substance of the individual reviews varies considerably. Most delightful reading is the introductory biography by Dr. C. Heymans of the University of Ghent, Belgium. Dr. Heymans not only recounts his own ...

general knowledge of at risk people regarding malaria is key element to facilitate appropriate treatment and prevention behaviours. the aim of this study was to assess the family heads' understanding of malaria transmission, signs and symptoms, and preventive measures in malaria-affected districts of iran.in 2009 in a cluster randomized cross-sectional survey data were collected from the heads ...