The uniform delivered price is the price contains mill price and transportation cost. Although the firms bear the transportation cost, practically the firms would pass all or part of transportation cost through to consumers. The research finds that, as the demand curve slopes downward or there exists competitors or potential competitors, the U.D.P. firms neither can pass all of transportation c...

We develop a two stage model of a manufacturing supply chain. This two stage production transportation model features capacitated production in two stages, and a fixed cost (or concave cost) for transporting the product between the stages. We prove several properties of this model, which we call the Two Stage Production Distribution Problem (2SPDP) model. By placing “non-speculative” assumption...

nowadays, the environmental impact of transportation project and, especially air pollution impacts, are major concerns in evaluating transportation projects. based on this concern, beside definition of traditional objective functions like total travel time and total investment cost, different type of environmental related function is considered as objective function in urban network design. in...

The ability to discover equilibrium prices efficiently makes auctions an effective way to trade goods. One of the recent trends in the development of auctions is combinatorial auctions. Combinatorial auctions allow the simultaneous sale of more than one item. In the existing literature, the factor of transportation cost has not been considered in combinatorial auctions. In this paper, we formul...

the existing works considering the flow-based discount factor in the hub and spoke problems, assume that increasing the amount of flow passing through each edge of network continuously decreases the unit flow transportation cost. although a higher volume of flow allows for using wider links and consequently cheaper transportation, but the unit of flow enjoys more discounts, quite like replacing...

this study aims to minimize the total cost of a four-echelon supply chain including suppliers, an assembler, distributers, and retailers. the total cost consists of purchasing raw materials from the suppliers by the assembler, assembling the final product, materials transportation from the suppliers to the assembler, product transportation from the assembler to the distributors, product transpo...

in today's globalization, an effective integration of production and distribution plans into a unified framework is crucial for attaining competitive advantage. this paper addresses an integrated multi-product and multi-time period production/distribution planning problem for a two-echelon supply chain subject to the real-world variables and constraints. it is assumed that all transportations a...