This paper investigates the impacts inventory shortage policies have on transportation costs in base-stock distribution systems under uncertain demand. The model proposed demonstrates how backlogging arrangements can serve to decrease the variability of transportation capacity requirements, and hence the magnitude of transportation costs, when compared with policies that expedite demand shortag...

in order to improve the level of intelligence, availability, being on demand, convenience, information and humanization of rural public transportation systems, they are more willing to use modern information and communicative technologies. in addition to management services, intelligent transportation systems can provide passengers, drivers, travel agencies and other institutions with other ser...

An effective evaluation of transportation network efficiency could offer guidance for the optimal control of urban traffic. Based on the introduction and related mathematical analysis of three quantitative evaluation methods for transportation network efficiency, this paper compares the information measured by them, including network structure, traffic demand, travel choice behavior and other f...

Rapid urban growth is resulting into increase in travel demand and private vehicle ownership in urban areas. In the present scenario the existing infrastructure has failed to match the demand that leads to traffic congestion, vehicular pollution and accidents. With traffic congestion augmentation on the road, delay of commuters has increased and reliability of road network has decreased. Four s...

The upper Mississippi and Illinois Rivers are important transportation resources for United States grain producers and exporters. Unfortunately, the lock and dam system on these Rivers is aged and barge delays have become troublesome in the lower portion of these Rivers. Studies are underway to measure the benefits and costs of upgrading locks on selected segments of these transportation arteri...

In crisp transportation, trying to fuzzify the amount of supply of the ith origin ai and the amount of demand of the jth destination bj, we use level l fuzzy numbers and level (l, r) interval-valued fuzzy numbers to fuzzify ai and bj in the constraints. We get transportation problem in the fuzzy sense. We also cooperate some statistical concepts and corresponding to (1 α) × 100% statistical con...

This paper analyzes factors explaining supply and demand of local public transportation. Together with variables related to traditional economic factors and mobility, we consider variables reflecting institutional characteristics and geographical patterns. Being a political capital increases supply and demand of local public transportation, inequality is associated with higher supply, and contr...