A topographic study of posterior surface of the petrous pyramid was performed in 20 human cadaveri heads. The distances between the neurovascular structures were measured in the points where they contact the posterior surface of the petrous pyramid. The study also points out the relationship between the bone landmarks and the transverse and the superior petrous sinuses. The result of this study...

The critical maturation time of central otolith neurons in processing spatial orientations was examined in Sprague-Dawley rats. With the use of immuno-hybridization histochemical methods, we observed c-fos expression in vestibular nuclear neurons responding to transverse movement on the horizontal plane as early as P7 and those to antero-posterior stimulation as early as P9. In the inferior oli...

Unanticipated and unknown changes in an aircraft’s aerodynamic stability derivatives may cause undesirable effects that render pre-designed control laws unsuitable for maintaining stability. Gradual changes in the stability derivatives may be due to icing on lifting surfaces, whereas structural damage may cause a sudden change. For this study, we use the nonlinear NASA Generic Transport Model (...

The critical maturation time of central otolith neurons in processing spatial orientations was examined in Sprague-Dawley rats. With the use of immuno-hybridization histochemical methods, we observed c-fos expression in vestibular nuclear neurons responding to transverse movement on the horizontal plane as early as P7 and those to antero-posterior stimulation as early as P9. In the inferior oli...

High-force eccentric exercise results in sustained increases in cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]cyto), which can cause damage to the muscle. Here we report that a heavy-load strength training bout greatly alters the structure of the membrane network inside the fibres, the tubular (t-) system, causing the loss of its predominantly transverse organization and an increase in vacuolation of its long...

We propose a method for non-linear data projection that combines Generative Topographic Mapping and Coordinated PCA. We extend the Generative Topographic Mapping by using more complex nodes in the network: each node provides a linear map between the data space and the latent space. The location of a node in the data space is given by a smooth nonlinear function of its location in the latent spa...

Sensory systems must map accurate representations of the external world in the brain. Although the physical senses of touch and vision build topographic representations of the spatial coordinates of the body and the field of view, the chemical sense of olfaction maps discontinuous features of chemical space, comprising an extremely large number of possible odor stimuli. In both mammals and inse...

A system for object-based classification of landscape types incorporating topographic data was designed and tested in a Japanese countryside target area. IKONOS data (Japan Space Imaging multi-spectral resolution 4 meter, panchromatic resolution 1 meter) acquired on 23 April 2001 was utilized, and the classification used Definiens Ver.5 software (Definiens). Initial segmentation was a muli-reso...

............................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 4 The Grounded Theory Method..........................................................................