materials and methods the development of the trauma registry form began in february 2013. the variables were finalized by a team consisting of general and trauma surgeons, specialists in emergency medicine, orthopedists, neurosurgeons, and public health professionals who have special interest in trauma research. the scale was sent to 10 specialists for validation. results after assessing the sc...

objectives the aim of this study was to present the incidence and characteristics of repeated tbi (rtbi) in iranian patients. patients and methods during one year, all admitted tbi patients with prior tbi history were enrolled into the study. in each patient, data such as age, gender, past medical history, injury cause, anatomic site of injury, tbi severity, clinical findings and ct scan findin...

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it has been estimated that more than 1.7 million individuals suffer a traumatic brain injury (tbi) each year. tbi causes secondary biochemical and metabolic changes which contribute to subsequent tissue damage and associated neuronal cell death. two early and delayed events occur after tbi, which results in neurological deficits. primary injury events include the mechanical damage that occur at...

background traumatic brain injury (tbi) is a worldwide problem, especially in countries with high incidences of road traffic accidents such as iran. patients with a single occurrence of tbi have been shown to be at increased risk to future tbi. this study presents incidences and characteristics of repeated traumatic brain injury (rtbi) in iran. materials and methods during one year, all admitte...

objective(s):melatonin is known as an anti-inflammatory agent, and it has been proven to exert neuroprotection through inhibition of cell death (apoptosis) in several models of brain injury.secondary injury following the primary traumatic brain injury (tbi) results in glial cells activation, especially astrocytes. in fact, astrocyte activation causes the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines...

traumatic brain injury (tbi) is defined as an external mechanical injury to the brain. neuroinflammation plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of tbi. microglia and astrocytes play a central role in the initiation and regulation of inflammation. numerous pro-inflammatory mediators including cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species (ros) and nitric oxide (no) released by microglia. in ...

the initial experience concerning the use of magnetic resonance imaging in 94 patients who had sustained chronic cord injury showed its specific advantages over traditional imaging modalities. a variety of 84 cord abnormalities were identified including myelomalacia in 47%, cord cysts in 37%, focal atrophy in 11 % and cord transection in 5%. canal stenosis was seen in twenty-five patients, elev...

over half of all reported traumatic brain injuries are the result of a motor vehicle accident. other then the direct head impact itself, the sheer forces of the accident can cause the brain also to collide against the internal bone of the skull. in fact, when a moving head comes to a quick stop, the brain continues in its movement, striking the interior of the skull. this can cause bruising of ...

in recent years, the usefulness of intracranial pressure (icp) monitoring has been questioned in several reports for traumatic brain injury (tbi) management. therefore the needs of multidisciplinary groups of discussion of neurosurgeons and neurointensivists to update practical applications of icp in severe adult tbi has been advocated in many parts of the world. a consensus conference was held...