BACKGROUND Retinal hemorrhages (RHs) occur in inflicted traumatic brain injury (ITBI), accidental traumatic brain injury (ATBI), and some medical conditions, although the reported number, distribution, type, and frequency vary greatly between these different etiologies. We hypothesize that these RH characteristics reliably help to distinguish ITBI from ATBI and nontraumatic etiologies. METHOD...

OBJECTIVES Functional neuroimaging has shown that the absence of externally observable signs of consciousness and cognition in severely brain-injured patients does not necessarily indicate the true absence of such abilities. However, relative to traumatic brain injury, nontraumatic injury is known to be associated with a reduced likelihood of regaining overtly measurable levels of consciousness...

BACKGROUND Chylothorax is the occurrence of chyle in the pleural space due to damage or obstruction of the thoracic duct. Its etiology can be traumatic or nontraumatic. Traumatic lesion of the thoracic duct occurs after accidents or cardiothoracic surgery. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is the most frequent nontraumatic etiology. Milky aspect and high content of triglycerides in pleural fluid confirm t...

Nontraumatic rupture of the bladder is less widely recognized than traumatic rupture, with a challenging early diagnosis due to high variability in clinical presentations. We report a case of extraperitoneal rupture of a bladder diverticulum in a patient with diabetes mellitus who presented with paralytic ileus. Despite conservative management, the patient developed sepsis requiring surgical tr...

The differential diagnosis of a fractured clavicle includes acute traumatic fracture, stress fracture, pathologic fracture secondary to radiation exposure, neoplasm, infection, or metabolic bone disease, and fracture-like conditions such as infection and bony dysplasias. An appropriate workup should identify most of these underlying conditions. We report a case of concurrent bilateral nontrauma...

Background Nontraumatic Stanford type A acute aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition; thus, the ability to make a precise diagnosis of nontraumatic Stanford type A acute aortic dissection is essential for the emergency physician. Several reports have shown that the mediastinal widening on a chest radiograph is useful for the diagnosis of nontraumatic Stanford type A acute aortic diss...

Abstract Background Identifying pediatric populations at risk for traumas would enable development of emergency medical services and departments children. Elucidation the nature socioeconomic differences in incidence out-of-hospital emergencies is needed to overcome inequities child health. Methods We retrieved all ambulance contacts during 17.12.2014–16.12.2018 involving children (0–15 years) ...

Rhabdomyolysis, the disintegration of skeletal muscle, is a common cause of acute renal failure. This clinical entity occurs mainly from 2 sources: traumatic and nontraumatic. Traumatic rhabdomyolysis has been described as crush syndrome during war and natural disasters. In modern or peace time, the majority of cases of rhabdomyolysis are nontraumatic, and alcohol abuse is one of the most commo...