We sought to determine if serum total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) is equivalent to serum transferrin (TRF) so that a low-cost colorimetric chemical assay for unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC) could be substituted for a high-cost immunologic assay for TRF. Our study design included independent and blinded measurements of UIBC, serum iron, and TRF concentrations in human serum samples. Da...

Because current therapeutics for obesity are limited and only offer modest improvements, novel interventions are needed. Preventing obesity with time-restricted feeding (TRF; 8-9 hr food access in the active phase) is promising, yet its therapeutic applicability against preexisting obesity, diverse dietary conditions, and less stringent eating patterns is unknown. Here we tested TRF in mice und...

Eukaryotic cells are thought to contain a single TATA-binding protein (TBP) that directs transcription by cellular RNA polymerases. Here we report a cell type-specific TBP-related factor (TRF) that can form a stable TRF/IIA/IIB TATA DNA complex and substitute for TBP in directing RNA polymerase II transcription in vitro. Transfection studies reveal that TRF can differentially mediate activation...

T-cell-replacing factor (TRF) is a T-cell-derived factor required for terminal differentiation of activated B cells to immunoglobulin-secreting cells. Previous studies have shown that a murine T-cell hybrid (B151K12) produces factor(s) that (i) induce immunoglobulin secretion by the B-cell leukemia line BCL1 and secondary anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl IgG synthesis in vitro by dinitrophenyl-primed B c...

The identification of genes targeted by a specific transcription regulatory factor (TRF) is essential to our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of gene expression. We constructed a system for the comprehensive identification of genes directly regulated by a TRF. It includes a combination of perturbation of gene expression by RNA interference (RNAi) of the TRF, cDNA microarray analysis, c...

Time-restricted feeding (TRF) can reduce adiposity and lessen the co-morbidities of obesity. Mice consuming obesogenic high-fat (HF) diets develop insulin resistance hepatic steatosis, but have elevated indices long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) that may be beneficial. While TRF impacts lipid metabolism, scant data exist regarding impact upon lipidomic composition tissues. We (1) t...

Diabetes and hypertension are closely associated with impaired endothelial function. Studies have demonstrated that regular consumption of edible palm oil may reverse endothelial dysfunction. The present study investigates the effect of palm oil fractions: tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF), alpha-tocopherol and refined palm olein (vitamin E-free fraction) on the vascular relaxation responses in t...

Tocotrienols have been shown many biologic functions such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, maintaining fertility and regulating the immune system and so on. In this study, after feeding with tocotrienol-rich fraction from palm oil (TRF) for 2 weeks, Balb/c nude mice were inoculated human colon SW620 cancer cell and then continued to feed TRF for 4 weeks. At termination of experiments, xenografts we...

Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) from palm oil is reported to possess anti-cancer and immune-enhancing effects. In this study, TRF supplementation was used as an adjuvant to enhance the anti-cancer effects of dendritic cells (DC)-based cancer vaccine in a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer. Female BALB/c mice were inoculated with 4T1 cells in mammary pad to induce tumor. When the tumor was p...

BACKGROUND Tamper-resistant formulations (TRFs) of oral opioid drugs are intended to prevent certain types of abuse (eg, intranasal, intravenous). Patients raising objections to receiving a TRF may have valid concerns or may be seeking a formulation that can be more easily misused. METHODS US clinicians experienced in pain management met in October 2011 to discuss common patient objections to...