The authors used the frameworks of reciprocal determinism and occupational socialization to study the effects of work characteristics (consisting of control and complexity of work) on personal initiative (PI)--mediated by control orientation (a 2nd-order factor consisting of control aspiration, perceived opportunity for control, and self-efficacy) and the reciprocal effects of PI on changes in ...

The study of triangles in graphs is a standard tool in network analysis. Real-world networks are often directed and have a significant fraction of reciprocal edges. Direction leads to many complexities, and it can be difficult to “measure” this structure meaningfully. We propose a collection of directed closure values that are analogues of the classic transitivity measure (the fraction of wedge...

Cyberbullying on social networking sites is an emerging societal issue that has drawn significant scholarly attention. The purpose of this study to consolidate the existing knowledge through a literature review and analysis. We first discuss nature, research patterns, theoretical foundations. then develop integrative framework based cognitive theory synthesize what known identify remains be lea...

We present a new approach for handling fuzzy triadic data in the setting of Formal Concept Analysis. The starting point is a fuzzyvalued triadic context (K1,K2,K3, Y ), where K1,K2 and K3 are sets and Y is a ternary fuzzy relation between these sets. First, we generalise the methods of Triadic Concept Analysis to our setting and show how they fit other approaches to Fuzzy Triadic Concept Analys...

molavi's theological and mystical point of view on determinism is different. he criticizes of theological determinism, but advocates of mystical determinism. molavi refuses the determinists' belief about determinism because it has unfavorable results in worldly and eternal life. but he accepts the free and amorous determinism of mystics. his reasons in refusing theological determinism...

Social status and social capital frameworks are used to derive competing hypotheses about the emergence and structure of advice relations in organizations. Although both approaches build on a social exchange framework, they differ in their behavioral micro-foundations. From a status perspective, advice giving is a means to generate prestige, whereas asking advice decreases one’s relative standi...

Triadic formal concept analysis has become a popular research direction, since triadic relations give natural models of many data collections. In this paper we address the problem of selecting most interesting concepts by proposing triadic stability indices.