Triadimefon (TF, S-(+)-TF, R-(-)-TF) and its metabolite triadimenol (TN, TN-A1, A2 and TN-B1, B2) are two systemic fungicides and both of them are chiral pharmaceuticals which are widely used in agricultural industry. Many researches focused on the toxicity effects of triadimefon on mammals, while the ecotoxicological data of tiradimefon on reptiles is limited. In order to understand the toxici...

Conazoles are a class of fungicides used as pharmaceutical and agricultural agents. In chronic bioassays in rats, triadimefon was hepatotoxic and induced follicular cell adenomas in the thyroid gland, whereas, propiconazole and myclobutanil were hepatotoxic but had no effect on the thyroid gland. These conazoles administered in the feed to male Wistar/Han rats were found to induce hepatomegaly,...

Clotrimazole and triadimefon are known as potent inhibitors of ergosterol synthesis in pathogenic yeast and fungi, respectively. As their mode of action generally the inhibition of sterol desmethylation reactions is accepted. We report about a second effect, a "feed-back" inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl (HMG)-CoA-reductase by accumulation of ergosterol precursors. Addition of lanoster...

Despite the fact that beer is produced on a large scale, the effects of pesticide residues on beer have been rarely investigated. In this study, we used micro-brewing settings to determine the effect of triadimefon on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and beer flavor. The yeast growth in medium was significantly inhibited (45%) at concentrations higher than 5 mg L(-1), reaching 80% and 100...

Simultaneous enantioseparation of three chiral triazole fungicides i.e. penconazole, myclobutanil and triadimefon by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CD-MEKC) under acidic condition was investigated with different HP-γ-CD concentrations as chiral selector. The three triazole fungicides have an asymmetrically substituted carbon atom respectively, and they all contain...

Abstract Background As a triazole fungicide, triadimefon is widely used around the world. The ubiquitous occurrence of in aquatic environments and potential adverse effects on organisms have resulted global concerns. In this review, current state knowledge occurrence, environmental behavior, toxic are presented to conduct an assessment risks posed by concentrations environments. Results key fin...

Conazoles are environmental and pharmaceutical fungicides. The present study relates the toxicological effects of conazoles to alterations of gene and pathway transcription and identifies potential modes of tumorigenic action. In a companion study employing conventional toxicological bioassays (Allen et al., 2006), male CD-1 mice were fed triadimefon, propiconazole, or myclobutanil in a continu...

The mouse liver tumorigenic conazole fungicides triadimefon and propiconazole have previously been shown to be in vivo mouse liver mutagens in the Big Blue™ transgenic mutation assay when administered in feed at tumorigenic doses, whereas the nontumorigenic conazole myclobutanil was not mutagenic. DNA sequencing of the mutants recovered from each treatment group as well as from animals receivin...

In the present investigation was carried out to find out the impact of Triadimefon(TDM) and hexaconazole (HEX) triazole fungicides on the leaf anatomy of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) The plant was treated with one litre of aqueous solution containing 20 mg -1 triadimefon (TDM) and 20mg -1 hexaconazole (HEX) on 23,35 and 53, days after sowing (DAS) by soil drenching. The plants were harvested on...