The authors review the major biological, biochemical, and molecular characters that are used to distinguish the seven Trichinella species (T. spiralis, T. nativa, T. britovi, T. pseudospiralis, T. murrelli, T. nelsoni, T. papuae) and three genotypes whose taxonomic status is yet uncertain (T-6, T-8, T-9). A comparison of host specificity, morphology, reproductive abilities, nurse cell developme...

In recent years, the discovery of many non-encapsulated isolates of Trichinella, designated Trichinella pseudospiralis and the identification of a new non-encapsulated species, Trichinella papuae, has revealed that the biomass of the genus Trichinella does not only include the well known encapsulated species (T. spiralis, T. nativa, T. britovi, T. murrelli, and T. nelsoni) but also includes geo...

Seven species belonging to the Trichinella genus (five with encapsulated larvae and two with non-encapsulated larvae in host muscles) and three additional genotypes have been described to date: T. spiralis (genotype T1), a cosmopolitan species with a high infectivity to swine and rats; T. nativa (T2), etiological agent of sylvatic trichinellosis in arctic and subarctic areas of the Holarctic re...

Human and animal trichinellosis should be considered as both an emerging and reemerging disease. The reemergence of the domestic cycle has been due to an increased prevalence of Trichinella spiralis, which has been primarily related to a breakdown of government veterinary services and state farms (e.g., in countries of the former USSR, Bulgaria, Romania), economic problems and war (e.g., in cou...

All studies on trichinellosis have been based on the assumption that there is only one cosmopolitan agent of human and animal trichinellosis; Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835). In the past, swine and only a few synanthropic animals were considered reservoirs, and the presence of the parasite in sylvatic animals was considered rare. Breeding experiments before, and then biochemical approaches (i...

Epidemiological data on food-borne parasitic zoonoses of Mediterranean and African regions are fragmentary. Several studies indicate that toxoplasmosis frequently occurs in Africa, but the epidemiological patterns in these countries are far from being complete. Serological investigations have been carried out with different methods and the results are not always comparable. Food habits, presenc...

More than 72 species of protozoan and helminth parasites can reach humans by food and water, and most of these infections are zoonoses. Some parasites show a cosmopolitan distribution, others a more restricted distribution due to their complex life cycles, which need the presence of one or more intermediate hosts. Of this large number of pathogens, only Toxoplasma gondii can be transmitted to h...

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genomes of Mexican golden trout, Oncorhynchus chrysogaster, and Nelson’s O. mykiss nelsoni, were assembled characterized. The mitogenomes 16,655 bp 16,661 long, respectively, composed 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer (all with typical ‘cloverleaf’ secondary structures). length D-loop regions was among longest found in...

The advent of molecular detection assays has provided a set of very sensitive tools for the detection of pathogens in marine organisms, but it has also raised problems of how to interpret positive signals that are not accompanied by visual confirmation. PCR-positive results have recently been reported for Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX), a pathogen of the oyster Crassostrea virginica in 31 of 40 o...