The Trickle algorithm allows nodes in a lossy shared medium (e.g., low-power and lossy networks) to exchange information in a highly robust, energy efficient, simple, and scalable manner. Dynamically adjusting transmission windows allows Trickle to spread new information on the scale of link-layer transmission times while sending only a few messages per hour when information does not change. A ...

Given the dynamic nature of the mission of a wireless sensor network (WSN), and of the environment in which it is usually deployed, network reprogramming is an important activity that enables the WSN to adapt to the mission and/or environment. One important component of a reprogramming protocol is code dissemination and maintenance, during which new code is propagated to relevant WSN nodes. Sev...

We consider settings where electric vehicle drivers participate in a market mechanism to charge their vehicles. Existing work typically assumes that participants are fully rational and can report their charging preferences accurately. However, this may not be reasonable in settings with non-experts. To explore this, we design a novel game called Bid2Charge and compare a fully expressive interfa...

in the present experiment, the effects of nitrogen and phosphor fertilizer application in two methods of furrow and trickle irrigation on the yield and quality of sugar beet seed cultivar 7233 were studied. the experiment was conducted as a split factorial in a completely randomized block design with three replications during 2003 and 2004 in hamedan province. main plots were allocated to irrig...

As with any finite resource, it is often necessary to apply policies to the shared usage of network resources. Existing solutions typically implement this by employing traffic management in edge routers. However, users of smaller networks regularly find themselves in need of nothing more than ad-hoc rate rate limiting. Furthermore, the networks in question are typically unmanaged, with no netwo...

water is the most important factor for agriculture development in iran. accordingly the optimal consumptione of water is very important. using pressurized irrigation system is one of the methods to improve agricultural water management. the objecttives of this research were to compare two irrigation methods of furrow and trickle irrigation systems impacts on quantity and quality characters of s...

The need to reduce carbon emissions and fuel poverty has led to increased building envelope air tightness, intended to reduce uncontrolled ventilation heat losses. Ventilation strategies in dwellings still allow the use of trickle ventilators in window frames for background ventilation. The extent to which this results in "healthy" Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in recently constructed dwellings was ...

Abstraet---A new development in the field of internals in packed columns is the use of structured packing types. Recently, a new structured packing type coated with a thin alumina layer (KATAPAK rM) has been developed, in this report, the results of an experimental and theoretical study concerning the possible applicability of this new packing material for hydrogenation processes in a trickle-b...