The Amazon River basin region is a vast territory with an area >7 million km2, encompassing parts of 9 South American countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. The Amazon River, the longest river in the world, traverses the region from west to east, fed by multiple tributaries. The region also contains the largest tropical rainforest in...

" tropical" diseases under the following headings:? (l)due to protozoa; (2) due to bacteria; (3) due to filterable viroses ; (4) food deficiency diseases ; (5) helminthic infections; (6) Infectious granulomata; (7) skin diseases; and (8) tropical diseases of disputed nature or minor importance among which are Peruvian Wart; Oroya fever; heatstroke and heat prostration; river fever; spotted feve...

Daily flow records, rainfall data and tropical cyclone maps during 19701998 are used to document the impact of tropical cyclones (TCs) on floods in the Rewa River system, Viti Levu, Fiji. Floods are large, brief, isolated events caused by TCs and non-TC tropical rainstorms. More floods are caused by tropical rainstorms than by TCs, but TC floods are larger. The log Pearson Type III distribution...

We analyzed the distribution of branched tetraether membrane lipids derived from soil bacteria in a marine sediment record that was recovered close to the Congo River outflow, and the results enabled us to reconstruct large-scale continental temperature changes in tropical Africa that span the past 25,000 years. Tropical African temperatures gradually increased from approximately 21 degrees to ...

Copepods are the main zooplankton assemblages in most tropical and semi-tropical estuaries. In this research, copepod population dynamics were investigated in Helleh River estuary, Persian Gulf during four seasons beginning from summer 2011 to spring 2012.  Samples were taken using plankton net with mesh size of 140 µm and vertical towing from 5 fixed-stations in mid-season. Results showed that...

Tropical forests are the only forest biome to have experienced increased rates of forest loss during the past decade because of global demands for food and biofuels. The implications of such extensive forest clearing on the dynamics of tropical river systems remain relatively unknown, despite significant progress in our understanding of the role of trees in riverbank stability. Here, we documen...

Caffeine has been associated with wastewater pollution in temperate and subtropical locations, but environmental caffeine concentrations in tropical locations have not been reported. The objectives of this study were to measure caffeine and agricultural pesticide (carbaryl, metalaxyl, and metribuzin) concentrations in environmental waters on the tropical north shore of Kauai (Hawaii, USA) and a...

Tropical rivers and their associated floodplain habitats are dynamic habitat mosaics to which fishes are challenged to respond in an adaptive manner. Migratory fishes create linkages among food webs that are partitioned along a nested hierarchy of spatial scales. Such linkages are examined across a hierarchy of spatio-temporal scales, ranging from small streams to entire drainage basins, for ri...

The Burdekin River catchment ( 130,400 km) is a seasonally dry tropical catchment located in north-east Queensland, Australia. It is the single largest source of suspended sediment to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Fine sediments are a threat to ecosystems on the GBR where they contribute to elevated turbidity (reduced light), sedimentation stress, and potential impacts from the associated nutri...

Groundwater, being a vital resource, needs to be developed with proper understanding about its occurrence in time and space. Unscientific sand mining is a dominant environmental issue in this humid tropical river basin namely Bharathapuzha river basin geographically on central part of Kerala state, southwest part of India. The sandy layers along the river course declines its water holding capac...