Post-nasal voicing is a typologically and historically common process. This process, by which voiceless obstruents become voiced after nasals, has a well-known aerodynamic and perceptual basis: (i) prolonged voicing into the stop closure, vis-à-vis postvocalic stops, due to nasal leakage before full velic closure is achieved and oral cavity expansion due to the velum continuing to raise after v...

This paper examines the experience and interpretations of infertility and sterility in northern Botswana. Specifically it highlights the role of stigma and impression management among Tswana men and women through their narratives and discourse about childbearing and personhood in an era of HIV/AIDS. The paper demonstrates that in a country with one of the highest HIV/AIDS infection rates in the...

In Tswana parsing of nasals in syllabic peak position is avoided by deletion. This implies the general ranking *P/NAS >> MAX. However, there are three distinct environments where faithfulness is respected and the marked nasal peaks are preserved onto the surface. These three environments are when the nonparsing of the nasal will result in: (i) a word below the minimal word length requirement of...

Sera from nine out of 30 (30.0%) apparently healthy unvaccinated indigenous (Tswana) chickens had precipitating antibodies to infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus using the agar gel precipitation test. Similarly, sera from 11 out of 49 (22.4%) chickens of exotic breeds with no history of vaccination against IBD were positive for antibodies against the virus.

This article describes the phonetic process of post-nasal devoicing in Tswana. We propose a multi-agent exemplar model with various interaction schemes which include factors like functional and social biases in order to account for this counter-intuitive phenomenon. Our novel hybrid multi-agent modeling framework facilitates investigation of sound change by combining the sociophonetic model of ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of winter growing program on subsequent finishing performance, carcass merit, and body composition of beef steers. Four steers were slaughtered to determine initial body composition. Remaining steers (n = 256) were blocked by BW and randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatment groups: 1) ad libitum fed a high-concentrate diet (CF), 2) grazed on ...

A 2-yr study was conducted to evaluate 1) steers fed ad libitum high concentrate after weaning (CONC), or 2) steers grown on pasture for 82 d, followed by high-concentrate finishing (PAST), on the performance and carcass traits of 74 early-weaned (117 d of age) steers. Potential breed differences were evaluated using crossbred steers of three types: 1) 3/4 Angus x 1/4 Simmental (BRI), 2) 3/4 Si...