The effect of γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles on heat transfer rate, baffle spacing and pressure drop in the shell side of small shell and tube heat exchangers was investigated numerically under turbulent regime. γ-Al2O3-water nanofluids and pure water were used in the shell side and the tube side of heat exchangers, respectively. Since the properties of γ-Al2O3-water nanofluids were variable, they were ...

In the present work, the critical heat flux measurements were performed for the subcooled flow boiling of pure water and magnetic nanofluids (i.e., water + 0.01 and 0.1 vol.% Fe‌‌3O4) in a vertical tube. The effect of applying an external magnetic field on the CHF variation was studied experimentally as well. The obtained results indicated that the subcooled flow boiling CHF in the vertical tub...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the installation of deep tube wells to reduce exposure to groundwater arsenic in rural Bangladesh had an effect on the incidence of childhood diarrhoeal disease. METHODS Episodes of diarrhoeal disease in children aged under 5 years that occurred on one specified day each month between 2005 and 2006 were reported to community health workers for six rural villages...

Arsenic, a semi-metal, colourless, tasteless and odourless toxic element, is known as the “King of Poison” at present. Arsenicosis is a well-known chronic disease which occurs due to drinking of arsenic contaminated tube well water having arsenic level exceeding the normal level for a prolonged period. It is likely to create a significant health impact ranging from skin lesions to cancer culmin...

Experimental investigation of heat transfer during pool boiling of two nanofluids, i.e., water-Al2O3 and water-Cu has been carried out. Nanoparticles were tested at the concentration of 0.01%, 0.1%, and 1% by weight. The horizontal smooth copper and stainless steel tubes having 10 mm OD and 0.6 mm wall thickness formed test heater. The experiments have been performed to establish the influence ...

We assessed health risks related to Arsenic (As) in contaminated drinking water in Hanam, applying the Australian Environmental Health Risk Assessment Framework, which promotes stakeholder involvement in risk assessments. As concentrations in 300 tube-well water samples, before and after filtration, were analyzed and the water consumption levels in 150 households were estimated. Skin cancer ris...