Background: Angiogenesis initiated by cancerous cells is the process by which new blood vessels are formed to enhance oxygenation and growth of tumor. Objective: In this paper, we present a new multiscale mathematical model for the formation of a vascular network in tumor angiogenesis process. Methods: Our model couples an improved sprout spacing model as a stochastic mathematical model of spro...

background: new blood vessels formation is a critical step in tumor progression. vascular density affects the clinical outcome and prognosis of malignant tumors. the aim of this study was to investigate the relation between the vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) expression and vascular density with the clinical and histopathologic features in oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc).   method...

Background: Human Cripto-1, a member of the EGF-CFC family, is involved in embryonic development, embryonic stem cell maintenance, and tumor progression. It also participates in multiple cell signaling pathways including Wnt, Notch, and TGF-β. Remarkably, it is expressed in cancer stem cell (CSC) compartments, boosting tumor cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Although Cripto-1 is ...

background: because of its effect on speech and swallowing, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is a devastating disease which has been shown to have a poor survival rate. abundant research is being carried out in search of novel biomarkers that can aid the process of diagnosis and treatment of this disease. fxyd3, a modulator of na/k-atpase, is presented as a biomarker in some cancers. fxyd3 exp...

Background: Melanoma progression and metastasis is suggested to be mediated by increased accumulation of myeloid derived suppressor cells. Various chemotherapeutic drugs such as 5-Fluorouracil in single low concentration have the capacity, at least in part, to reverse tumor progression by reducing myeloid derived suppressor cellsmediated immunosuppression. Objective: To assess whether multiple ...

background: human cripto-1, a member of the egf-cfc family, is involved in embryonic development, embryonic stem cell maintenance, and tumor progression. it also participates in multiple cell signaling pathways including wnt, notch, and tgf-β. remarkably, it is expressed in cancer stem cell (csc) compartments, boosting tumor cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. although cripto-1 is overe...