Gray's extension of Cox's proportional hazards (PH) model for right-censored survival data allows for a departure from the PH assumption via introduction of time-varying regression coefficients (TVC). For this model estimation of the conditional hazard rate relies on the inclusion of penalized splines. Cubic penalized splines tend to be unstable in the right tail of the distribution and thus qu...

High-frequency characteristic of a TVC-input circuit becomes dominant factor in the AC-DC transfer difference at frequencies higher than 100 kHz. In order to evaluate the high-frequency characteristics of TC modules up to 1 MHz, a High-Frequency-standard TVC (HF-TVC) has been developed at AIST, in collaboration with Nikkohm Co. Ltd. The HF-TVC is designed such that the frequency characteristic ...

To assess the antimicrobial effect of a commercial steam-vacuuming system newly implemented after slaughtering, 105 cattle carcasses were examined for total viable counts (TVC) at four different areas. Before steam vacuuming, mean TVC of the excision samples were comparable at the perineal area and brisket (3.0-3.1 log CFU cm-2) or the hind leg and shoulder (2.6-2.7 log CFU cm-2). Steam vacuumi...

OBJECTIVES Fidaxomicin reduces the risk of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) compared with vancomycin. We investigated fidaxomicin primary or secondary treatment efficacy using a gut model. METHODS Four triple-stage chemostat gut models were inoculated with faeces. After clindamycin induction of CDI, fidaxomicin (200 mg/L twice daily), vancomycin (125 mg/L four times daily) or m...

External noise paradigms, measuring contrast threshold as a function of external noise contrast (the "TvC" function), provide a valuable tool for studying perceptual mechanisms. However, measuring TvC functions at the multiple performance criteria needed to constrain observer models has previously involved demanding data collection (often>2000 trials). To ease this task, we developed a novel Ba...

Four experiments are described in which brief Gabor patterns are detected in the presence of full-field gratings or Gabor patterns that are superimposed in space, but vary in spatial phase and temporal offset (SOA). E1: Threshold versus masker contrast (TvC) functions were determined for relative phases of 0, 90, 180 and 270 degrees at SOA = 0. For 0 degree relative phase, TvC functions decreas...

BACKGROUND Trichomonas vaginalis is the etiologic agent of trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease in the world. This infection affects millions of individuals worldwide annually. Although direct sexual contact is the most common mode of transmission, increasing evidence indicates that T. vaginalis can survive in the external environment and can be transmitted by c...

IMPORTANCE Transvaginal cholecystectomy (TVC) is the leading natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery to date and has the potential to offer improved cosmesis, less pain, and shorter recovery times for female patients. OBJECTIVE To investigate quality of life and female sexual function in our patients undergoing TVC. DESIGN A prospective cohort study from August 14, 2009, to June 12,...

The detectability of contrast increments was measured as a function of the contrast of a masking or "pedestal" grating at a number of different spatial frequencies ranging from 2 to 16 cycles per degree of visual angle. The pedestal grating always had the same orientation, spatial frequency, and phase as the signal. The shape of the contrast-increment threshold versus pedestal contrast (TvC) fu...