[This corrects the article on p. 439 in vol. 108.].

Type-2 defuzzification is a two-stage process. Type-reduction, the first stage, gives rise to a type-1 fuzzy set known as the type-reduced set (TRS), which for the second stage is defuzzified to give a crisp number. This paper focusses on the TRS itself, which reveals a fascinating internal structure. We provide a description of and explanation for this structure, then go on to suggest how it m...

There is also a growing consensus that evidence of teachers’ contributions to student learning should be a component of teacher evaluation systems, along with evidence about the quality of teachers’ practice. “Value Added Models” (VAMs) for looking at gains in student test scores from one year to the next are promoted as tools to accomplish this goal. Policy makers can benefit from research abo...

by developing the level of life in societies, the need for new resources of energy becomes more important. in almost all cases, the aim is to convert one form of energy to the electrical form. with advances of technology and use of new electric and electronic devices and gadgets, the need for electrical energy is increasing and providing stable and continuous electric power becomes very importa...

In 1999, Medicare implemented a resource-based relative value unit (RVU) system for physician practice expense payments, and increased the number of services for which practice expense payments differ by site. Using 1998-2004 data, we examined RVU growth and decomposed that growth into resource-based RVUs, site of service, and service quantity and mix. We found that the number services with sit...

In this paper, we present a new method for ranking generalized fuzzy numbers for dealing with fuzzy risk analysis problems. The proposed method considers the defuzzified values, the heights and the spreads of generalized fuzzy numbers, simultaneously, for ranking generalized fuzzy numbers. It gets better ranking results to rank generalized fuzzy numbers than the existing methods. We also apply ...