BACKGROUND Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) within crypts continuously divide and differentiate as they migrate up towards the luminal surface of the mucosa. With the onset of differentiation, IECs lose their proliferative potential, but the exact mechanism remains unknown. This current study examined the involvement of the TGF-β signaling pathway in this process. METHODS Studies were condu...

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a cardiovascular disorder associated with enhanced proliferation and suppressed apoptosis of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Heterozygous mutations in the type II receptor for bone morphogenetic protein (BMPR2) underlie the majority of the inherited and familial forms of PAH. The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway is activated i...

To antagonize tumor-derived TGFβ contemporaneously to anticancer immunotherapy, we genetically engineered a fusion protein coupling IL-2 and the ectodomain of TGFβ receptor II (Fusion of Interleukin-2 and Soluble TGFβ receptor - a.k.a. FIST). FIST possesses intriguing gain-of-function properties and induces potent activation of IL2-receptor expressing cells and inhibits tumor-derived angiogenes...

Uterine carcinosarcomas (UCS) are rare (3-4%) but highly aggressive, accounting for a disproportionately high (16.4%) mortality among uterine malignancies. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates important cellular processes including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Existence of biphasic elements and a report demonstrating amplification of TG...

The TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) pathway is an essential cell signalling pathway that is implicated in both normal developmental processes, such as organogenesis, and pathological disorders, such as cancer and fibrosis. There are three prototypical TβRs (TGFβ receptors): TβRI (TβR type I), TGβRII (TβR type II) and TGFβRIII (TβR type III, also known as betaglycan). Whereas the role of TβR...

High levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) correlate with poor prognosis for patients with prostate cancer and other cancers. TGFβ is a multifunctional cytokine and crucial regulator of cell fate, such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is implicated in cancer invasion and progression. TGFβ conveys its signals upon binding to type I and type II serine/threonine kinase ...

In C. elegans, the TGFβ-like type II receptor daf-4 is required for two distinct signaling pathways. In association with the type I receptor daf-1, it functions in the dauer pathway. In addition, it is also required for body size determination and male tail patterning, roles which do not require daf-1. In an effort to determine how two different signals are transmitted through daf-4, we looked ...

INTRODUCTION Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are promising for cartilage regeneration because BMSCs can differentiate into cartilage tissue-producing chondrocytes. Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) is crucial for inducing chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs and is known to signal via Activin receptor-Like Kinase (ALK) receptors ALK5 and ALK1. Since the specific role of th...

conclusions the at1r a1166c polymorphism appeared not to be associated with the presence of acs in the population studied. background there are very limited data for iranian populations on the predisposing genetic factors for acute coronary syndrome (acs). results there was no statistical difference in the genotype frequency of patients and healthy subjects with regard to age and gender (p > 0....