Electric Vehicles (EVs) require energy storage system that can address its fast changing load requirements such as sudden acceleration or quick regenerative braking by being able to supply or absorb high power as demanded. Lead Acid Batteries, commonly used in cheaper EVs (like electric tempo in Nepal), can properly supply these variable loads and get recharged but this mode of operation drasti...

A monitoring system for an Electric Vehicle, which uses an ultracapacitor bank, has been implemented. The purpose of this system is to test the performance of the vehicle under different road conditions (city road and highway), with and without the ultracapacitors connected. One of the most important objectives of the work is to test the efficiency gain of the vehicle, and the current flow comi...

Output power in a hybrid power system is constant while the input power with variable characteristics that is generated by different sources. Using Hybrid Electrical Energy Storage (HEES) systems, is growing rapidly since there is an obvious need for clean energy. This paper introduces different parts of a HEES system and then proposes HEES systems which employ battery, ultracapacitor and f...

This paper proposes a parallel energy-sharing control for fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) application. The hybrid source consists of a fuel cells (FCs) generator, battery packs and Ultracapacitor (UC) modules. In the proposed parallel energy-sharing control, each source is connected to the direct current (DC) bus via power electronics converters. A total of six control loops are applied in ...

Propulsion system electrification revolution has been undergoing in the automotive industry. The electrified propulsion improves energy efficiency and reduces dependence on fossil fuel. However, batteries of electric vehicles experience degradation process during vehicle operation. Research considering both battery consumption battery/ultracapacitor is still lacking. This study proposes a Q-lea...

This paper presents the simulation performance of Dual Active Bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter for high power density aerospace applications. The DAB converter topology has been chosen as it features high power density, high efficiency, bidirectional power flow capability, inherent soft switching, galvanic isolation and low number of passive components. Hence the converter is a candidate for high p...

A new hybrid approach consists to use the advantages of both systems namely the high geometric aspects of the electrodes of the ultracapacitor and the high dielectric strength of polymer materials used in dielectric capacitors. The surface roughness of the electrodes of the ultracapacitor is manufactured with nano-porous materials; activated carbon and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Many compositions...

The performance of a battery–ultracapacitor hybrid power source under pulsed load conditions is analytically described using simplified models. We show that peak power can be greatly enhanced, internal losses can be considerably reduced, and that discharge life of the battery is extended. Greatest benefits are seen when the load pulse rate is higher than the system eigen-frequency and when the ...

The central part of an energy storage system is the DC-DC converter which connects the ultracapacitor pack or the battery pack and a DC bus of an energy system. In this paper the bi-directional converter which operates in discontinuous conduction mode is designed in order to reduce the costs and remove the current control loop in each phase. High current ripples associated with this mode operat...

Electric vehicles have recently attracted research interest. An electric vehicle is composed of two energy sources, such as fuel cells and ultracapacitors, which are employed to provide, respectively, the steady-state and transient power demanded by the vehicle. A bidirectional DC-DC converter is needed to interface the ultracapacitor to a DC bus. The pack of ultracapacitor consists of many cel...