In previous chapters we considered the processes of advection and molecular diffusion and have seen some example problems with so called “turbulent diffusion” coefficients, where we use the same governing equations, but with larger diffusion (mixing) coefficients. In natural rivers, a host of processes lead to a non-uniform velocity field, which allows mixing to occur much faster than by molecu...

The tidal bore is a well-known phenomenon in fluid mechanics, having been observed in many rivers around the world. Two of the better known rivers where bores regularly appear are the Severn River in England [1] and the Qiantang River in China [2]. The usual circumstances in which a bore can appear develop when a tidal swell causes a difference in surface elevation in the mouth of a river or fu...

[1] We explored the role of aquatic systems in the global N cycle using a spatially distributed, within-basin, aquatic nitrogen (N) removal model, implemented within the Framework for Aquatic Modeling in the Earth System (FrAMES-N). The model predicts mean annual total N (TN) removal by small rivers (with drainage areas from 2.6–1000 km), large rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, using a 300 latitud...

We have used a variety of approaches to introduce quantitative concepts into our introductory geology classes, some of which rely on using case studies of local rivers to improve student interest and appreciation of quantitative methods in scientific problem solving. Fortunately, there are rivers in most parts of the country, so these approaches are easily transferable and applicable in many ar...

Abstract Undertaking environmental assessments on non‐wadeable rivers is challenging due to their size, depth, and water velocity. The cotton strip assay (CSA) a functional indicator used in assessing the ecological health of by measuring cellulose decomposition potential. Enhancing knowledge microbial communities responsible for would assist developing microbial‐based biotic index that could c...

Small intermittent rivers are some of the most widespread types of water currents in the steppe zone. In the ecosystems of the intermittent rivers we have found 28 species of water bugs that compose the majority of the described fauna in the south Ukraine. Our study added two new species to the faunistic list of this zone (Sigara fossarum, Hydrometra gracilenta), and finally confirmed the prese...

We synthesize a new fluvial terrace chronostratigraphy of the Bidente and Musone Rivers cast within a broader European framework, which forms the basis of a terrace genesis and river incision model for the northern Apennines, Italy. Our model, supported by terrace long profiles, correlation to Po foreland sediments, 15 new radiocarbon dates, and published numeric and relative stratigraphic ages...