arthrogriposis is a disorder in which two or more joints in more than one limb of body, place in a stable position and malformation status that usually is the result of joints' immobilization during fetal period. problems resulting from this congenital deficit can occur in difference places, in upper and lower limbs, trunk, and even in face. it occurs in 3 of 1000 births, in two-third of t...

OBJECTIVE Upper extremity embolic complications of occluded axillofemoral bypass grafts are infrequent. However, traditional management of dissection of axillary anastomosis for removal of the stump can be challenging. We report two patients with critical upper extremity ischemia secondary to stump syndrome and its successful management with endovascular techniques. METHODS One hundred fifty-...

Background: The cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning has been known for many years. Since the temporary ischemia in the heart may cause lethal cardiac effects, the idea of creating ischemia in organs far from the heart such as limbs was raised as remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC). We hypothesized that the extension of RIPC has more cardioprotective effect in patients undergo...

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Chronic symptomatic ischemia in the upper extremity is the result of blood flow that is nutritionally inadequate to fulfill metabolic requirements. Symptoms may also result from inappropriate thermoregulatory function. Ischemia may be secondary to inappropriate vessel response when vessels are unable to vasodilate in response to stress or inappropriate vasoconstriction (ie, vasospastic disease)...

conclusions the study indicated advantages of this modified bier's block compared to the traditional one including ability to perform surgery on upper limb bones and considerable pain relief at surgical and tourniquet sites during the operation until one hour thereafter. results this study showed the presence of analgesia at surgical and tourniquet sites during the operation in 96% of patients,...

conclusions postural stress among female machinists can increase the level of si to fairly risky and dangerous. also, changes in rating hand/wrist qec scores with hand/wrist si score were proportional in the studied samples. the si can increase under the influence of noise above 85 db, although it is not statistically significant. results there was no significant difference between work experie...