urban design and landscape architecture are considered as modern art (knowledge) which are developed through integration of various art and science fields of studies. formal emergence of urban design in 60s and landscape design is occurred at the beginning of 20th century. the success of these two fields is because of their attention to environmental qualities upgrade in public and open spaces ...

New towns built in North Africa and the Middle East incorporate modern elements into their built environments unprecedented in the traditional city of the region. This thesis addresses the questions: Do these new built environments respond to the prevalent culture? What modern and traditional design qualities enable new towns to maintain cultural integrity? The new towns Sadat City, Egypt and Y...

introduction climate has always been one the main factors of designing urban spaces in iran since past centuries. by analyzing urban spaces it can be concluded that different cities have different urban spaces due to climate differences. one of the main reasons of the differences in the type and orientation of urban spaces is the climate as one of the key factors in designing these areas. regar...

urban design and landscape architecture are considered as modern art (knowledge) which are developed through integration of various art and science fields of studies. formal emergence of urban design in 60s and landscape design is occurred at the beginning of 20th century. the success of these two fields is because of their attention to environmental qualities upgrade in public and open spac...

abstract   earthquakes have been affected the human life since the dawn of time; however, the complexities of human societies and communications in the cities, intensify the deleterious effects of the earthquakes, that affect urban areas. hence, in emergency phase and reconstruction, attention to the basic needs and shelter provision are the most important activities but urban design also play ...

human presence and accordingly establishing suitable condition for social interactions are important factors in shaping urban spaces. caring to different aspects of improving environmental qualities especially perception aspect and ease of perception from the environment with legibility improvement is an element that was emphasized from the base of urban design. the role of time, commence of da...

The issue of pedestrian-friendly urban environments has been of increasing importance lately in urban planning and design. In order to develop a better knowledge about the walkability of the built environment, it is important to understand the complexity behind walking behavior. Since different kinds of walking activities vary in their goal, effort, frequency, duration, etc., they also vary in ...

middle of squares, one of the components of physical aspect is considered as an appropriateindicator in designing successful urban squares, which consequently promotes visual quality. the present study aims todetermine how the above mentioned aspect was presented in the middle-ages and renaissance within italian squares.considering the aim of the investigation, library studies as well as visual...

Capturing and measuring qualities of the built environment is a fundamental aspect of planning. Planners need to develop a vivid picture of the physical and social environments people inhabit in order to understand what impacts their plans and actions may have. Measures can indicate the built environment’s qualities and represent them in a way that is useful for planning to address particular i...