Brent D. Ryan first visited Detroit in 1993. Describing this experience, he says: ‘‘The sense of emptiness was overpowering. ... I felt as if I was walking into the ruin of America.’’ In his book ‘‘Design after decline—how America rebuilds shrinking cities,’’ Ryan tries to understand why so many American cities have been losing population, what was and is done to change the fortune of these cit...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Mother–child relationship Teacher–child relationship Chinese only and non-only children Early social behaviors Urban–rural status Investigations regarding the differences between Chinese only and non-only children primarily examine children's social behaviors, which are closely related to their early relationships with mothers and teachers. In recent years, the n...

We examine the impact of a firm’s geographic location on its takeover likelihood with a sample of U.S. public firms from 1980 to 2005. We first show that firms located in an urban area are 8.3% more likely to receive a takeover bid and 10.5% more likely to complete the takeover transaction than firms located in a non-urban area. Our findings are robust after controlling for various firm charact...

increasing rate of world population growth has tremendous and of ten detrimental impacts on natural environment of our planet. unreasonable consumption of non-renewable sources of energy, deforestation, and the extinction of species are among these impacts. there are many who believe that global warming which is resulted due to population :growth, urbanization and over and irresponsible consump...

The difference in land surface temperature (LST) between an urban region and its nearby non-urban region, known as surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII), is usually positive as reported in earlier studies. India has experienced unprecedented urbanization over recent decades with an urban population of 380 million. Here, we present the first study of the diurnal and seasonal characteristic...

BACKGROUND Urban-rural comparisons are of limited relevance in examining the effects of urban migration in developing countries where urbanisation is due to growth of existing urban populations, expansion of urban boundaries, and rural in-migration. Cultural, genetic and life-style backgrounds of migrants and host populations further limit the value of rural-urban comparisons. Therefore we eval...

BACKGROUND Using a cohort of British Columbian male sawmill workers, we conducted a nested case-control study of the impact of rural compared to urban residence as well as rural/urban migration patterns in relation to hospitalization for non-work injury. We postulate that for many types of non-work injuries, rates will be higher in rural communities than in urban ones and that rates will also b...

The morphology of urban agglomeration is studied here in the context of information exchange between different spatio-temporal scales. Urban migration to and from cities is characterised as non-random and following non-random pathways. Cities are multidimensional non-linear phenomena, so understanding the relationships and connectivity between scales is important in determining how the interpla...