BACKGROUND Pathological changes due to infection with Schistosoma haematobium include cytokine-mediated urinary tract inflammation. The involved cytokines may be excreted in urine and their presence in urine may therefore reflect S. haematobium-related urinary tract pathology. The present study, for the first time, reports on the relationship between selected cytokines in urine and infection wi...

laboratory animals, including rats, play an important role in biomedical research and advances. the human care and management of these animals is an ongoing concern. since, trichosomoides infections in rat colonies can interfere with research protocols it is important to know rate of infection and pathology of the infection in the animals used in experimental studies. 275 rats were eviscerated ...

The pediatric urinary tract often is assessed with medical imaging. Consequently, it is essential for medical imaging professionals to have a fundamental understanding of pediatric anatomy, physiology, and common pathology of the urinary tract to provide optimal patient care. This article provides an overview of fetal development, pediatric urinary anatomy and physiology, and common diseases an...

Laboratory animals, including rats, play an important role in biomedical research and advances. The human care and management of these animals is an ongoing concern. Since, Trichosomoides infections in rat colonies can interfere with research protocols it is important to know rate of infection and pathology of the infection in the animals used in experimental studies. 275 rats were eviscerated ...

The normal urinary tract is resistant to colonisation by bacteria.' Presence of significant bacteriuria (> 105 bacteria/ml) is, however, not necessarily indicative of an infection of the urinary tract with serious consequences to the host. In fact, urinary tract infections (UTI) should be regarded as a group of infectious diseases of varying clinical severity and prognosis and therefore they de...